attempt to fix segment corruption w/ tfhd base data offset & tfdt injection, moof size updaes -- very messy code, WIP

Implements HLS-compatible fragmented MP4 recording on Android using
AndroidX Media3 FragmentedMp4Muxer, matching the iOS implementation.

Changes:
- Add FragmentedRecordingManager for fMP4 segment output
- Add ChunkedRecorderInterface to abstract recorder implementations
- Add onInitSegmentReady callback for init segment (init.mp4)
- Update onVideoChunkReady to include segment duration
- RecordingSession now uses FragmentedRecordingManager by default

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

package/.envrc

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-use flake . --impure
-
-if [ -f .envrc.local ]; then
-    source .envrc.local
-fi

package/android/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -19,9 +19,7 @@ endif()
 
 
 # Add react-native-vision-camera sources
-add_library(
-        ${PACKAGE_NAME}
-        SHARED
+set(SOURCES
         # Shared C++
         ../cpp/MutableRawBuffer.cpp
         # Java JNI
@@ -31,7 +29,11 @@ add_library(
         src/main/cpp/OpenGLContext.cpp
         src/main/cpp/OpenGLRenderer.cpp
         src/main/cpp/MutableJByteBuffer.cpp
-        # Frame Processor
+)
+
+# Only add Frame Processor sources if enabled
+if (ENABLE_FRAME_PROCESSORS)
+        list(APPEND SOURCES
                 src/main/cpp/frameprocessor/FrameHostObject.cpp
                 src/main/cpp/frameprocessor/FrameProcessorPluginHostObject.cpp
                 src/main/cpp/frameprocessor/JSIJNIConversion.cpp
@@ -43,6 +45,18 @@ add_library(
                 src/main/cpp/frameprocessor/java-bindings/JVisionCameraProxy.cpp
                 src/main/cpp/frameprocessor/java-bindings/JVisionCameraScheduler.cpp
         )
+endif()
+
+add_library(
+        ${PACKAGE_NAME}
+        SHARED
+        ${SOURCES}
+)
+
+# Force 16KB page alignment for Android 15+ compatibility
+set_target_properties(${PACKAGE_NAME} PROPERTIES
+    LINK_FLAGS "-Wl,-z,max-page-size=16384"
+)
 
 # Header Search Paths (includes)
 target_include_directories(
@@ -63,7 +77,7 @@ target_link_libraries(
         ${LOG_LIB}                      # <-- Logcat logger
         android                         # <-- Android JNI core
         ReactAndroid::jsi               # <-- RN: JSI
-        ReactAndroid::reactnativejni        # <-- RN: React Native JNI bindings
+        ReactAndroid::reactnative       # <-- RN: React Native JNI bindings (RN 0.76+)
         fbjni::fbjni                    # <-- fbjni
         GLESv2                          # <-- OpenGL (for VideoPipeline)
         EGL                             # <-- OpenGL (EGL) (for VideoPipeline)

package/android/build.gradle

@@ -133,8 +133,16 @@ android {
   }
 
   compileOptions {
-    sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
-    targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
+    sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_17
+    targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_17
+  }
+
+  kotlinOptions {
+    jvmTarget = "17"
+    freeCompilerArgs += [
+      "-opt-in=kotlin.RequiresOptIn",
+      "-opt-in=com.facebook.react.annotations.UnstableReactNativeAPI"
+    ]
   }
 
   externalNativeBuild {
@@ -157,6 +165,7 @@ android {
             "**/libhermes-executor-debug.so",
             "**/libhermes_executor.so",
             "**/libreactnativejni.so",
+            "**/libreactnative.so",
             "**/libturbomodulejsijni.so",
             "**/libreact_nativemodule_core.so",
             "**/libjscexecutor.so"
@@ -169,6 +178,10 @@ dependencies {
   implementation "com.facebook.react:react-android:+"
   implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:1.7.3"
 
+  // Media3 muxer for fragmented MP4 (HLS-compatible) recording
+  implementation "androidx.media3:media3-muxer:1.5.0"
+  implementation "androidx.media3:media3-common:1.5.0"
+
   if (enableCodeScanner) {
     // User enabled code-scanner, so we bundle the 2.4 MB model in the app.
     implementation 'com.google.mlkit:barcode-scanning:17.2.0'

package/android/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 distributionPath=wrapper/dists
-distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.5.1-all.zip
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.13-all.zip
 zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 zipStorePath=wrapper/dists

package/android/src/main/cpp/OpenGLRenderer.cpp

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ OpenGLRenderer::OpenGLRenderer(std::shared_ptr<OpenGLContext> context, ANativeWi
   _outputSurface = surface;
   _width = ANativeWindow_getWidth(surface);
   _height = ANativeWindow_getHeight(surface);
+  __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, TAG, "ROTATION_DEBUG OpenGLRenderer created with output surface dimensions: %dx%d", _width, _height);
 }
 
 OpenGLRenderer::~OpenGLRenderer() {

package/android/src/main/cpp/VideoPipeline.cpp

@@ -56,6 +56,11 @@ void VideoPipeline::setRecordingSessionOutputSurface(jobject surface) {
   _recordingSessionOutput = OpenGLRenderer::CreateWithWindowSurface(_context, window);
 }
 
+void VideoPipeline::setRecordingOrientation(int orientation) {
+  _recordingOrientation = orientation;
+  __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, TAG, "Recording orientation set to: %d", orientation);
+}
+
 int VideoPipeline::getInputTextureId() {
   if (_inputTexture == std::nullopt) {
     _inputTexture = _context->createTexture(OpenGLTexture::Type::ExternalOES, _width, _height);
@@ -78,8 +83,29 @@ void VideoPipeline::onFrame(jni::alias_ref<jni::JArrayFloat> transformMatrixPara
   OpenGLTexture& texture = _inputTexture.value();
 
   if (_recordingSessionOutput) {
-    __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, TAG, "Rendering to RecordingSession..");
-    _recordingSessionOutput->renderTextureToSurface(texture, transformMatrix);
+    __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, TAG, "Rendering to RecordingSession.. orientation=%d", _recordingOrientation);
+
+    // For recording, use a simple transform matrix instead of the display transform.
+    // The display transform includes rotations for preview which we don't want in recordings.
+    float recordingMatrix[16];
+
+    if (_recordingOrientation == 1) {
+      // LANDSCAPE_RIGHT (CW): Y-flip + 180° rotation = flip both X and Y
+      // This negates both X and Y, then translates by (1,1)
+      recordingMatrix[0] = -1.0f; recordingMatrix[1] =  0.0f; recordingMatrix[2] = 0.0f; recordingMatrix[3] = 0.0f;
+      recordingMatrix[4] =  0.0f; recordingMatrix[5] =  1.0f; recordingMatrix[6] = 0.0f; recordingMatrix[7] = 0.0f;
+      recordingMatrix[8] =  0.0f; recordingMatrix[9] =  0.0f; recordingMatrix[10] = 1.0f; recordingMatrix[11] = 0.0f;
+      recordingMatrix[12] = 1.0f; recordingMatrix[13] = 0.0f; recordingMatrix[14] = 0.0f; recordingMatrix[15] = 1.0f;
+    } else {
+      // LANDSCAPE_LEFT (CCW): Simple Y-flip
+      // OpenGL origin is bottom-left, video expects top-left
+      recordingMatrix[0] = 1.0f; recordingMatrix[1] =  0.0f; recordingMatrix[2] = 0.0f; recordingMatrix[3] = 0.0f;
+      recordingMatrix[4] = 0.0f; recordingMatrix[5] = -1.0f; recordingMatrix[6] = 0.0f; recordingMatrix[7] = 0.0f;
+      recordingMatrix[8] = 0.0f; recordingMatrix[9] =  0.0f; recordingMatrix[10] = 1.0f; recordingMatrix[11] = 0.0f;
+      recordingMatrix[12] = 0.0f; recordingMatrix[13] = 1.0f; recordingMatrix[14] = 0.0f; recordingMatrix[15] = 1.0f;
+    }
+
+    _recordingSessionOutput->renderTextureToSurface(texture, recordingMatrix);
   }
 }
 
@@ -88,6 +114,7 @@ void VideoPipeline::registerNatives() {
       makeNativeMethod("initHybrid", VideoPipeline::initHybrid),
       makeNativeMethod("setRecordingSessionOutputSurface", VideoPipeline::setRecordingSessionOutputSurface),
       makeNativeMethod("removeRecordingSessionOutputSurface", VideoPipeline::removeRecordingSessionOutputSurface),
+      makeNativeMethod("setRecordingOrientation", VideoPipeline::setRecordingOrientation),
       makeNativeMethod("getInputTextureId", VideoPipeline::getInputTextureId),
       makeNativeMethod("onBeforeFrame", VideoPipeline::onBeforeFrame),
       makeNativeMethod("onFrame", VideoPipeline::onFrame),

package/android/src/main/cpp/VideoPipeline.h

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ public:
   // <- MediaRecorder output
   void setRecordingSessionOutputSurface(jobject surface);
   void removeRecordingSessionOutputSurface();
+  void setRecordingOrientation(int orientation);
 
   // Frame callbacks
   void onBeforeFrame();
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ private:
   std::optional<OpenGLTexture> _inputTexture = std::nullopt;
   int _width = 0;
   int _height = 0;
+  int _recordingOrientation = 0; // 0=LANDSCAPE_LEFT, 1=LANDSCAPE_RIGHT
 
   // Output Contexts
   std::shared_ptr<OpenGLContext> _context = nullptr;

package/android/src/main/cpp/VisionCamera.cpp

@@ -9,11 +9,13 @@
 
 JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void*) {
   return facebook::jni::initialize(vm, [] {
+    // VideoPipeline is needed for video recording even without Frame Processors
+    vision::VideoPipeline::registerNatives();
+#if VISION_CAMERA_ENABLE_FRAME_PROCESSORS
+    // Frame Processor JNI bindings - only register when Frame Processors are enabled
     vision::VisionCameraInstaller::registerNatives();
     vision::JVisionCameraProxy::registerNatives();
     vision::JVisionCameraScheduler::registerNatives();
-    vision::VideoPipeline::registerNatives();
-#if VISION_CAMERA_ENABLE_FRAME_PROCESSORS
     vision::JFrameProcessor::registerNatives();
     vision::JSharedArray::registerNatives();
 #endif

package/android/src/main/java/com/mrousavy/camera/CameraView+Events.kt

@@ -40,15 +40,26 @@ fun CameraView.invokeOnStopped() {
   this.sendEvent(event)
 }
 
-fun CameraView.invokeOnChunkReady(filepath: File, index: Int) {
-  Log.e(CameraView.TAG, "invokeOnError(...):")
+fun CameraView.invokeOnChunkReady(filepath: File, index: Int, durationUs: Long?) {
+  Log.i(CameraView.TAG, "invokeOnChunkReady(...): index=$index, filepath=$filepath, durationUs=$durationUs")
   val event = Arguments.createMap()
   event.putInt("index", index)
   event.putString("filepath", filepath.toString())
+  if (durationUs != null) {
+    event.putDouble("duration", durationUs / 1_000_000.0) // Convert microseconds to seconds
+  }
   val reactContext = context as ReactContext
   reactContext.getJSModule(RCTEventEmitter::class.java).receiveEvent(id, "onVideoChunkReady", event)
 }
 
+fun CameraView.invokeOnInitReady(filepath: File) {
+  Log.i(CameraView.TAG, "invokeOnInitReady(...): filepath=$filepath")
+  val event = Arguments.createMap()
+  event.putString("filepath", filepath.toString())
+  val reactContext = context as ReactContext
+  reactContext.getJSModule(RCTEventEmitter::class.java).receiveEvent(id, "onInitReady", event)
+}
+
 fun CameraView.invokeOnError(error: Throwable) {
   Log.e(CameraView.TAG, "invokeOnError(...):")
   error.printStackTrace()

package/android/src/main/java/com/mrousavy/camera/CameraView+TakePhoto.kt

@@ -13,70 +13,37 @@ import com.facebook.react.bridge.ReadableMap
 import com.facebook.react.bridge.WritableMap
 import com.mrousavy.camera.core.CameraSession
 import com.mrousavy.camera.core.InsufficientStorageError
+import com.mrousavy.camera.utils.FileUtils
 import com.mrousavy.camera.types.Flash
-import com.mrousavy.camera.types.QualityPrioritization
 import com.mrousavy.camera.utils.*
 import java.io.File
 import java.io.FileOutputStream
 import java.io.IOException
 import kotlinx.coroutines.*
 
-private const val TAG = "CameraView.takePhoto"
+private const val TAG = "CameraView.takeSnapshot"
 
 @SuppressLint("UnsafeOptInUsageError")
 suspend fun CameraView.takePhoto(optionsMap: ReadableMap): WritableMap {
   val options = optionsMap.toHashMap()
-  Log.i(TAG, "Taking photo... Options: $options")
+  Log.i(TAG, "Taking snapshot... Options: $options")
+  val bitmap = previewView.getBitmap() ?: throw Error()
 
-  val qualityPrioritization = options["qualityPrioritization"] as? String ?: "balanced"
-  val flash = options["flash"] as? String ?: "off"
-  val enableAutoStabilization = options["enableAutoStabilization"] == true
-  val enableShutterSound = options["enableShutterSound"] as? Boolean ?: true
-  val enablePrecapture = options["enablePrecapture"] as? Boolean ?: false
+  val file = FileUtils.createTempFile(context, "png");
 
-  // TODO: Implement Red Eye Reduction
-  options["enableAutoRedEyeReduction"]
+  // Write snapshot to .jpg file
+  FileUtils.writeBitmapTofile(bitmap, file, 100)
 
-  val flashMode = Flash.fromUnionValue(flash)
-  val qualityPrioritizationMode = QualityPrioritization.fromUnionValue(qualityPrioritization)
-
-  val photo = cameraSession.takePhoto(
-    qualityPrioritizationMode,
-    flashMode,
-    enableShutterSound,
-    enableAutoStabilization,
-    enablePrecapture,
-    orientation
-  )
-
-  photo.use {
-    Log.i(TAG, "Successfully captured ${photo.image.width} x ${photo.image.height} photo!")
-
-    val cameraCharacteristics = cameraManager.getCameraCharacteristics(cameraId!!)
-
-    val path = try {
-      savePhotoToFile(context, cameraCharacteristics, photo)
-    } catch (e: IOException) {
-      if (e.message?.contains("no space left", true) == true) {
-        throw InsufficientStorageError()
-      } else {
-        throw e
-      }
-    }
-
-    Log.i(TAG, "Successfully saved photo to file! $path")
+  Log.i(TAG, "Successfully saved snapshot to file!")
 
+  // Parse output data
   val map = Arguments.createMap()
-    map.putString("path", path)
-    map.putInt("width", photo.image.width)
-    map.putInt("height", photo.image.height)
-    map.putString("orientation", photo.orientation.unionValue)
-    map.putBoolean("isRawPhoto", photo.format == ImageFormat.RAW_SENSOR)
-    map.putBoolean("isMirrored", photo.isMirrored)
-
+  map.putString("path", file.absolutePath)
+  map.putInt("width", bitmap.width)
+  map.putInt("height", bitmap.height)
+  map.putBoolean("isMirrored", false)
   return map
 }
-}
 
 private fun writePhotoToFile(photo: CameraSession.CapturedPhoto, file: File) {
   val byteBuffer = photo.image.planes[0].buffer

package/android/src/main/java/com/mrousavy/camera/CameraView.kt

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class CameraView(context: Context) :
 
   // session
   internal val cameraSession: CameraSession
-  private val previewView: PreviewView
+  val previewView: PreviewView
   private var currentConfigureCall: Long = System.currentTimeMillis()
   internal var frameProcessor: FrameProcessor? = null
 
@@ -271,8 +271,12 @@ class CameraView(context: Context) :
     invokeOnStopped()
   }
 
-  override fun onVideoChunkReady(filepath: File, index: Int) {
-    invokeOnChunkReady(filepath, index)
+  override fun onVideoChunkReady(filepath: File, index: Int, durationUs: Long?) {
+    invokeOnChunkReady(filepath, index, durationUs)
+  }
+
+  override fun onInitSegmentReady(filepath: File) {
+    invokeOnInitReady(filepath)
   }
 
   override fun onCodeScanned(codes: List<Barcode>, scannerFrame: CodeScannerFrame) {

package/android/src/main/java/com/mrousavy/camera/CameraViewManager.kt

@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ class CameraViewManager : ViewGroupManager<CameraView>() {
       .put("cameraError", MapBuilder.of("registrationName", "onError"))
       .put("cameraCodeScanned", MapBuilder.of("registrationName", "onCodeScanned"))
       .put("onVideoChunkReady", MapBuilder.of("registrationName", "onVideoChunkReady"))
-      .build()
+      .put("onInitReady", MapBuilder.of("registrationName", "onInitReady"))
+      .build()?.toMutableMap()
 
   override fun getName(): String = TAG
 

package/android/src/main/java/com/mrousavy/camera/CameraViewModule.kt

@@ -31,10 +31,12 @@ class CameraViewModule(reactContext: ReactApplicationContext) : ReactContextBase
     init {
       try {
         // Load the native part of VisionCamera.
-        // Includes the OpenGL VideoPipeline, as well as Frame Processor JSI bindings
+        // Includes the OpenGL VideoPipeline (needed for video recording)
+        // Frame Processors remain disabled for RN 0.79+ compatibility
         System.loadLibrary("VisionCamera")
+        Log.i(TAG, "VisionCamera native library loaded successfully")
       } catch (e: UnsatisfiedLinkError) {
-        Log.e(VisionCameraProxy.TAG, "Failed to load VisionCamera C++ library!", e)
+        Log.e(TAG, "Failed to load VisionCamera C++ library!", e)
         throw e
       }
     }
@@ -73,14 +75,10 @@ class CameraViewModule(reactContext: ReactApplicationContext) : ReactContextBase
     }
 
   @ReactMethod(isBlockingSynchronousMethod = true)
-  fun installFrameProcessorBindings(): Boolean =
-    try {
-      val proxy = VisionCameraProxy(reactApplicationContext)
-      VisionCameraInstaller.install(proxy)
-      true
-    } catch (e: Error) {
-      Log.e(TAG, "Failed to install Frame Processor JSI Bindings!", e)
-      false
+  fun installFrameProcessorBindings(): Boolean {
+    // Frame Processors are disabled for React Native 0.79+ compatibility
+    Log.i(TAG, "Frame Processor bindings not installed - Frame Processors disabled for RN 0.79+ compatibility")
+    return false
   }
 
   @ReactMethod
@@ -157,7 +155,7 @@ class CameraViewModule(reactContext: ReactApplicationContext) : ReactContextBase
   }
 
   private fun canRequestPermission(permission: String): Boolean {
-    val activity = currentActivity as? PermissionAwareActivity
+    val activity = reactApplicationContext.currentActivity as? PermissionAwareActivity
     return activity?.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(permission) ?: false
   }
 

package/android/src/main/java/com/mrousavy/camera/core/CameraSession.kt

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import android.util.Log
 import android.util.Size
 import android.view.Surface
 import android.view.SurfaceHolder
+import android.view.WindowManager
 import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
 import com.google.mlkit.vision.barcode.common.Barcode
 import com.mrousavy.camera.core.capture.RepeatingCaptureRequest
@@ -408,7 +409,8 @@ class CameraSession(private val context: Context, private val cameraManager: Cam
   private fun updateVideoOutputs() {
     val videoOutput = videoOutput ?: return
     Log.i(TAG, "Updating Video Outputs...")
-    videoOutput.videoPipeline.setRecordingSessionOutput(recording)
+    val orientation = recording?.cameraOrientation ?: Orientation.LANDSCAPE_LEFT
+    videoOutput.videoPipeline.setRecordingSessionOutput(recording, orientation)
   }
 
   suspend fun startRecording(
@@ -425,6 +427,19 @@ class CameraSession(private val context: Context, private val cameraManager: Cam
 
       val fps = configuration?.fps ?: 30
 
+      // Get actual device rotation from WindowManager since the React Native orientation hook
+      // doesn't update when rotating between landscape-left and landscape-right on Android.
+      val windowManager = context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE) as WindowManager
+      val deviceRotation = windowManager.defaultDisplay.rotation
+      val recordingOrientation = when (deviceRotation) {
+        Surface.ROTATION_0 -> Orientation.PORTRAIT
+        Surface.ROTATION_90 -> Orientation.LANDSCAPE_LEFT      // CCW rotation, top to left
+        Surface.ROTATION_180 -> Orientation.PORTRAIT_UPSIDE_DOWN
+        Surface.ROTATION_270 -> Orientation.LANDSCAPE_RIGHT    // CW rotation, top to right
+        else -> Orientation.PORTRAIT
+      }
+      Log.i(TAG, "ROTATION_DEBUG: deviceRotation=$deviceRotation, recordingOrientation=$recordingOrientation, options.orientation=${options.orientation}")
+
       val recording = RecordingSession(
         context,
         cameraId,
@@ -432,7 +447,7 @@ class CameraSession(private val context: Context, private val cameraManager: Cam
         enableAudio,
         fps,
         videoOutput.enableHdr,
-        orientation,
+        recordingOrientation,
         options,
         filePath,
         callback,
@@ -497,7 +512,8 @@ class CameraSession(private val context: Context, private val cameraManager: Cam
     fun onInitialized()
     fun onStarted()
     fun onStopped()
-    fun onVideoChunkReady(filepath: File, index: Int)
+    fun onVideoChunkReady(filepath: File, index: Int, durationUs: Long?)
+    fun onInitSegmentReady(filepath: File)
     fun onCodeScanned(codes: List<Barcode>, scannerFrame: CodeScannerFrame)
   }
 }

package/android/src/main/java/com/mrousavy/camera/core/ChunkedRecorder.kt

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import java.io.File
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer
 
 class ChunkedRecordingManager(private val encoder: MediaCodec, private val outputDirectory: File, private val orientationHint: Int, private val iFrameInterval: Int, private val callbacks: CameraSession.Callback) :
-  MediaCodec.Callback() {
+  MediaCodec.Callback(), ChunkedRecorderInterface {
   companion object {
     private const val TAG = "ChunkedRecorder"
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class ChunkedRecordingManager(private val encoder: MediaCodec, private val outpu
 
   private val targetDurationUs = iFrameInterval * 1000000
 
-  val surface: Surface = encoder.createInputSurface()
+  override val surface: Surface = encoder.createInputSurface()
 
   init {
     if (!this.outputDirectory.exists()) {
@@ -95,7 +95,9 @@ class ChunkedRecordingManager(private val encoder: MediaCodec, private val outpu
     fun finish() {
       muxer.stop()
       muxer.release()
-      callbacks.onVideoChunkReady(filepath, chunkIndex)
+      // Calculate duration from start time - this is approximate
+      // The new FragmentedRecordingManager provides accurate duration
+      callbacks.onVideoChunkReady(filepath, chunkIndex, null)
     }
   }
 
@@ -105,6 +107,12 @@ class ChunkedRecordingManager(private val encoder: MediaCodec, private val outpu
     muxerContext?.finish()
     chunkIndex++
 
+    val format = this.encodedFormat
+    if (format == null) {
+      Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create muxer: encodedFormat is null (onOutputFormatChanged not called yet)")
+      return
+    }
+
     val newFileName = "$chunkIndex.mp4"
     val newOutputFile = File(this.outputDirectory, newFileName)
     Log.i(TAG, "Creating new muxer for file: $newFileName")
@@ -114,7 +122,7 @@ class ChunkedRecordingManager(private val encoder: MediaCodec, private val outpu
     )
     muxer.setOrientationHint(orientationHint)
     muxerContext = MuxerContext(
-        muxer, newOutputFile, chunkIndex, bufferInfo.presentationTimeUs, this.encodedFormat!!, this.callbacks
+        muxer, newOutputFile, chunkIndex, bufferInfo.presentationTimeUs, format, this.callbacks
     )
   }
 
@@ -123,15 +131,16 @@ class ChunkedRecordingManager(private val encoder: MediaCodec, private val outpu
   }
 
   private fun chunkLengthUs(bufferInfo: BufferInfo): Long {
-    return bufferInfo.presentationTimeUs - muxerContext!!.startTimeUs
+    val context = muxerContext ?: return 0L
+    return bufferInfo.presentationTimeUs - context.startTimeUs
   }
 
-  fun start() {
+  override fun start() {
     encoder.start()
     recording = true
   }
 
-  fun finish() {
+  override fun finish() {
     synchronized(this) {
       muxerContext?.finish()
       recording = false
@@ -155,7 +164,13 @@ class ChunkedRecordingManager(private val encoder: MediaCodec, private val outpu
       if (muxerContext == null || (atKeyframe(bufferInfo) && chunkLengthUs(bufferInfo) >= targetDurationUs)) {
         this.createNextMuxer(bufferInfo)
       }
-      muxerContext!!.muxer.writeSampleData(muxerContext!!.videoTrack, encodedData, bufferInfo)
+      val context = muxerContext
+      if (context == null) {
+        Log.e(TAG, "Cannot write sample data: muxerContext is null")
+        encoder.releaseOutputBuffer(index, false)
+        return
+      }
+      context.muxer.writeSampleData(context.videoTrack, encodedData, bufferInfo)
       encoder.releaseOutputBuffer(index, false)
     }
   }

package/android/src/main/java/com/mrousavy/camera/core/ChunkedRecorderInterface.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package com.mrousavy.camera.core
+
+import android.view.Surface
+
+/**
+ * Common interface for chunked video recorders.
+ * Implemented by both ChunkedRecordingManager (regular MP4) and
+ * FragmentedRecordingManager (HLS-compatible fMP4).
+ */
+interface ChunkedRecorderInterface {
+    val surface: Surface
+
+    fun start()
+    fun finish()
+}

package/android/src/main/java/com/mrousavy/camera/core/FragmentedRecordingManager.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,762 @@
+package com.mrousavy.camera.core
+
+import android.media.MediaCodec
+import android.media.MediaCodec.BufferInfo
+import android.media.MediaCodecInfo
+import android.media.MediaFormat
+import android.util.Log
+import android.util.Size
+import android.view.Surface
+import androidx.media3.common.Format
+import androidx.media3.common.MimeTypes
+import androidx.media3.common.util.UnstableApi
+import androidx.media3.muxer.FragmentedMp4Muxer
+import androidx.media3.muxer.Muxer
+import com.mrousavy.camera.types.Orientation
+import com.mrousavy.camera.types.RecordVideoOptions
+import java.io.File
+import java.io.FileOutputStream
+import java.io.RandomAccessFile
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer
+import java.nio.ByteOrder
+
+/**
+ * A recording manager that produces HLS-compatible fragmented MP4 segments.
+ *
+ * This produces output similar to the iOS implementation:
+ * - An initialization segment (init.mp4) containing codec configuration
+ * - Numbered data segments (0.mp4, 1.mp4, ...) containing media data
+ *
+ * Uses AndroidX Media3's FragmentedMp4Muxer which produces proper fMP4 output.
+ */
+@UnstableApi
+class FragmentedRecordingManager(
+    private val encoder: MediaCodec,
+    private val outputDirectory: File,
+    private val orientationDegrees: Int,
+    private val targetSegmentDurationUs: Long,
+    private val callbacks: CameraSession.Callback
+) : MediaCodec.Callback(), ChunkedRecorderInterface {
+
+    companion object {
+        private const val TAG = "FragmentedRecorder"
+
+        fun fromParams(
+            callbacks: CameraSession.Callback,
+            size: Size,
+            enableAudio: Boolean,
+            fps: Int? = null,
+            cameraOrientation: Orientation,
+            bitRate: Int,
+            options: RecordVideoOptions,
+            outputDirectory: File,
+            segmentDurationSeconds: Int = 6
+        ): FragmentedRecordingManager {
+            val mimeType = options.videoCodec.toMimeType()
+            // For fragmented MP4: DON'T swap dimensions, use camera's native dimensions.
+            // The C++ VideoPipeline uses a custom transform matrix (not the display transform).
+            // This gives us raw sensor frames, and we rely on rotation metadata for playback.
+            val cameraOrientationDegrees = when (cameraOrientation) {
+                Orientation.LANDSCAPE_LEFT -> 0    // CCW landscape
+                Orientation.LANDSCAPE_RIGHT -> 0   // CW landscape
+                Orientation.PORTRAIT -> 90
+                Orientation.PORTRAIT_UPSIDE_DOWN -> 270
+            }
+            Log.i(TAG, "ROTATION_DEBUG FragmentedRecordingManager: cameraOrientation=$cameraOrientation, cameraOrientationDegrees=$cameraOrientationDegrees, inputSize=${size.width}x${size.height}")
+
+            // Keep original dimensions - don't swap. Let rotation metadata handle orientation.
+            val width = size.width
+            val height = size.height
+            Log.i(TAG, "ROTATION_DEBUG FragmentedRecordingManager: outputDimensions=${width}x${height} (no swap)")
+
+            val format = MediaFormat.createVideoFormat(mimeType, width, height)
+            val codec = MediaCodec.createEncoderByType(mimeType)
+
+            format.setInteger(
+                MediaFormat.KEY_COLOR_FORMAT,
+                MediaCodecInfo.CodecCapabilities.COLOR_FormatSurface
+            )
+            fps?.apply {
+                format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_FRAME_RATE, this)
+            }
+            // I-frame interval affects segment boundaries
+            format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_I_FRAME_INTERVAL, segmentDurationSeconds)
+            format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_BIT_RATE, bitRate)
+
+            Log.d(TAG, "Video Format: $format, orientationDegrees: $cameraOrientationDegrees")
+
+            codec.configure(format, null, null, MediaCodec.CONFIGURE_FLAG_ENCODE)
+
+            return FragmentedRecordingManager(
+                codec,
+                outputDirectory,
+                cameraOrientationDegrees,
+                segmentDurationSeconds * 1_000_000L,
+                callbacks
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    // State management
+    private var chunkIndex = 0
+    private var encodedFormat: MediaFormat? = null
+    private var recording = false
+
+    // Segment tracking
+    private var segmentContext: SegmentContext? = null
+    private var initSegmentEmitted = false
+
+    // Cumulative base time for HLS-compatible timestamps (in timescale units)
+    // Each segment's baseMediaDecodeTime should be the sum of all previous segment durations
+    private var cumulativeBaseTimeUs: Long = 0L
+
+    // Timescale used in the fMP4 (typically 1000000 for microseconds)
+    private val timescale: Long = 1_000_000L
+
+    override val surface: Surface = encoder.createInputSurface()
+
+    init {
+        if (!outputDirectory.exists()) {
+            outputDirectory.mkdirs()
+        }
+        encoder.setCallback(this)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Result from finishing a segment, used for tfdt patching.
+     */
+    private data class SegmentResult(
+        val file: File,
+        val segmentIndex: Int,
+        val durationUs: Long
+    )
+
+    /**
+     * Context for a single data segment being written.
+     * Init segments are created separately via createInitSegment().
+     */
+    private inner class SegmentContext(
+        private val format: MediaFormat,
+        val segmentIndex: Int,
+        private val baseTimeUs: Long  // The baseMediaDecodeTime for this segment
+    ) {
+        private val filename = "$segmentIndex.mp4"
+        val file = File(outputDirectory, filename)
+        private val outputStream = FileOutputStream(file)
+        private val muxer = FragmentedMp4Muxer.Builder(outputStream).build()
+        private lateinit var videoTrack: Muxer.TrackToken
+        private var startTimeUs: Long = -1L
+        private var lastTimeUs: Long = 0L
+        private var sampleCount = 0
+
+        init {
+            val media3Format = convertToMedia3Format(format)
+            videoTrack = muxer.addTrack(media3Format)
+            Log.d(TAG, "Created segment context: $filename with baseTimeUs=$baseTimeUs")
+        }
+
+        fun writeSample(buffer: ByteBuffer, bufferInfo: BufferInfo) {
+            if (startTimeUs < 0) {
+                startTimeUs = bufferInfo.presentationTimeUs
+                Log.i(TAG, "PTS_DEBUG Segment $segmentIndex FIRST sample: absolutePTS=${bufferInfo.presentationTimeUs}us, baseTimeUs=$baseTimeUs")
+            }
+
+            // Log first 3 samples and every keyframe for debugging
+            val isKeyFrame = (bufferInfo.flags and MediaCodec.BUFFER_FLAG_KEY_FRAME) != 0
+            if (sampleCount < 3 || isKeyFrame) {
+                Log.i(TAG, "PTS_DEBUG Segment $segmentIndex sample $sampleCount: PTS=${bufferInfo.presentationTimeUs}us, keyframe=$isKeyFrame")
+            }
+
+            lastTimeUs = bufferInfo.presentationTimeUs
+
+            muxer.writeSampleData(videoTrack, buffer, bufferInfo)
+            sampleCount++
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Check if we've accumulated enough duration to start a new segment.
+         * Should only be called when we have a keyframe available.
+         */
+        fun shouldStartNewSegmentOnKeyframe(): Boolean {
+            if (sampleCount == 0) return false // Need at least one sample first
+            val currentDurationUs = lastTimeUs - startTimeUs
+            return currentDurationUs >= targetSegmentDurationUs
+        }
+
+        fun finish(): SegmentResult {
+            try {
+                muxer.close()
+                outputStream.close()
+            } catch (e: Exception) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error closing segment", e)
+            }
+
+            val durationUs = if (lastTimeUs > startTimeUs) lastTimeUs - startTimeUs else 0L
+
+            Log.i(TAG, "PTS_DEBUG Segment $segmentIndex FINISHED: startPTS=${startTimeUs}us, lastPTS=${lastTimeUs}us, duration=${durationUs/1000}ms, samples=$sampleCount, baseTimeUs=$baseTimeUs")
+            return SegmentResult(file, segmentIndex, durationUs)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun createNewSegment() {
+        val format = encodedFormat
+        if (format == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create segment: encodedFormat is null")
+            return
+        }
+
+        // Close previous segment and process it for HLS
+        segmentContext?.let { ctx ->
+            val result = ctx.finish()
+            // Process the segment: extract init (if first), strip headers, inject tfdt
+            processSegmentForHLS(result.file, result.segmentIndex, cumulativeBaseTimeUs)
+            // Update cumulative time for next segment
+            cumulativeBaseTimeUs += result.durationUs
+            // Notify callback
+            callbacks.onVideoChunkReady(result.file, result.segmentIndex, result.durationUs)
+        }
+
+        // Create new data segment with current cumulative base time
+        segmentContext = SegmentContext(format, chunkIndex, cumulativeBaseTimeUs)
+        chunkIndex++
+    }
+
+    override fun start() {
+        encoder.start()
+        recording = true
+    }
+
+    override fun finish() {
+        synchronized(this) {
+            recording = false
+            // Close final segment and process it for HLS
+            segmentContext?.let { ctx ->
+                val result = ctx.finish()
+                processSegmentForHLS(result.file, result.segmentIndex, cumulativeBaseTimeUs)
+                callbacks.onVideoChunkReady(result.file, result.segmentIndex, result.durationUs)
+            }
+            segmentContext = null
+            try {
+                encoder.stop()
+                encoder.release()
+            } catch (e: Exception) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error stopping encoder", e)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MediaCodec.Callback methods
+    override fun onInputBufferAvailable(codec: MediaCodec, index: Int) {
+        // Not used for Surface input
+    }
+
+    override fun onOutputBufferAvailable(codec: MediaCodec, index: Int, bufferInfo: BufferInfo) {
+        synchronized(this) {
+            if (!recording) {
+                encoder.releaseOutputBuffer(index, false)
+                return
+            }
+
+            // Skip codec config buffers - these contain SPS/PPS with annex-b start codes
+            // and should NOT be written as samples (they're already in the Format's initializationData)
+            if ((bufferInfo.flags and MediaCodec.BUFFER_FLAG_CODEC_CONFIG) != 0) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Skipping codec config buffer (size=${bufferInfo.size})")
+                encoder.releaseOutputBuffer(index, false)
+                return
+            }
+
+            val encodedData = encoder.getOutputBuffer(index)
+            if (encodedData == null) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "getOutputBuffer returned null")
+                encoder.releaseOutputBuffer(index, false)
+                return
+            }
+
+            // Create first data segment if needed
+            if (segmentContext == null) {
+                createNewSegment()
+            }
+
+            val context = segmentContext
+            if (context == null) {
+                encoder.releaseOutputBuffer(index, false)
+                return
+            }
+
+            try {
+                // Check if this keyframe should start a new segment BEFORE writing
+                val isKeyFrame = (bufferInfo.flags and MediaCodec.BUFFER_FLAG_KEY_FRAME) != 0
+                val shouldStartNewSegment = isKeyFrame && context.shouldStartNewSegmentOnKeyframe()
+
+                if (shouldStartNewSegment) {
+                    // Finish old segment WITHOUT writing this keyframe to it
+                    createNewSegment()
+                    // Write keyframe to the NEW segment only
+                    segmentContext?.writeSample(encodedData, bufferInfo)
+                } else {
+                    // Write to current segment
+                    context.writeSample(encodedData, bufferInfo)
+                }
+            } catch (e: Exception) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error writing sample", e)
+            }
+
+            encoder.releaseOutputBuffer(index, false)
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun onError(codec: MediaCodec, e: MediaCodec.CodecException) {
+        Log.e(TAG, "Codec error: ${e.message}")
+    }
+
+    override fun onOutputFormatChanged(codec: MediaCodec, format: MediaFormat) {
+        Log.i(TAG, "Output format changed: $format")
+        encodedFormat = format
+        // Note: init segment is now extracted from the first segment's ftyp+moov
+        // rather than created separately (Media3's empty init was not working)
+    }
+
+    private fun convertToMedia3Format(mediaFormat: MediaFormat): Format {
+        val mimeType = mediaFormat.getString(MediaFormat.KEY_MIME) ?: MimeTypes.VIDEO_H264
+        val width = mediaFormat.getInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_WIDTH)
+        val height = mediaFormat.getInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_HEIGHT)
+        val bitRate = try { mediaFormat.getInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_BIT_RATE) } catch (e: Exception) { -1 }
+        val frameRate = try { mediaFormat.getInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_FRAME_RATE) } catch (e: Exception) { -1 }
+
+        // Get CSD (Codec Specific Data) if available - required for init segment
+        // csd-0 contains SPS (Sequence Parameter Set)
+        // csd-1 contains PPS (Picture Parameter Set)
+        val csd0 = mediaFormat.getByteBuffer("csd-0")
+        val csd1 = mediaFormat.getByteBuffer("csd-1")
+
+        val initData = mutableListOf<ByteArray>()
+        csd0?.let {
+            val bytes = ByteArray(it.remaining())
+            it.duplicate().get(bytes)
+            initData.add(bytes)
+            Log.i(TAG, "CSD_DEBUG: csd-0 (SPS) size=${bytes.size} bytes, hex=${bytes.take(32).joinToString("") { "%02x".format(it) }}...")
+        }
+        csd1?.let {
+            val bytes = ByteArray(it.remaining())
+            it.duplicate().get(bytes)
+            initData.add(bytes)
+            Log.i(TAG, "CSD_DEBUG: csd-1 (PPS) size=${bytes.size} bytes, hex=${bytes.joinToString("") { "%02x".format(it) }}")
+        }
+
+        val totalCsdSize = initData.sumOf { it.size }
+        Log.i(TAG, "CSD_DEBUG: Total CSD size=$totalCsdSize bytes (csd-0=${csd0?.remaining() ?: 0}, csd-1=${csd1?.remaining() ?: 0})")
+
+        Log.i(TAG, "ROTATION_DEBUG convertToMedia3Format: orientationDegrees=$orientationDegrees, width=$width, height=$height")
+        return Format.Builder()
+            .setSampleMimeType(mimeType)
+            .setWidth(width)
+            .setHeight(height)
+            .setRotationDegrees(orientationDegrees)
+            .apply {
+                if (bitRate > 0) setAverageBitrate(bitRate)
+                if (frameRate > 0) setFrameRate(frameRate.toFloat())
+                if (initData.isNotEmpty()) setInitializationData(initData)
+            }
+            .build()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Processes a segment file for HLS compatibility:
+     * 1. For segment 0: extracts ftyp+moov header as init.mp4
+     * 2. Strips ftyp+moov from segment, keeping only moof+mdat (the fragment)
+     * 3. Injects tfdt box into moof for proper HLS timing
+     *
+     * Media3's FragmentedMp4Muxer creates self-contained MP4s, but HLS needs:
+     * - init.mp4: ftyp + moov (codec configuration)
+     * - segments: moof + mdat only (fragments referencing init)
+     */
+    private fun processSegmentForHLS(file: File, segmentIndex: Int, baseMediaDecodeTimeUs: Long) {
+        try {
+            val originalBytes = file.readBytes()
+            val buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(originalBytes).order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN)
+
+            // Find where moof starts (everything before is header: ftyp + moov)
+            val moofStartPos = findMoofPosition(buffer)
+            if (moofStartPos < 0) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "HLS_PROCESS: Could not find moof in ${file.name}")
+                return
+            }
+
+            Log.i(TAG, "HLS_PROCESS: Segment $segmentIndex - moof starts at $moofStartPos, total size=${originalBytes.size}")
+
+            // For segment 0, extract header as init.mp4
+            if (segmentIndex == 0 && !initSegmentEmitted) {
+                val headerBytes = originalBytes.copyOfRange(0, moofStartPos)
+                val initFile = File(outputDirectory, "init.mp4")
+                initFile.writeBytes(headerBytes)
+                Log.i(TAG, "HLS_PROCESS: Created init.mp4 with ${headerBytes.size} bytes (ftyp+moov)")
+                // Debug: dump the init.mp4 structure
+                dumpMp4BoxStructure(headerBytes, "INIT_STRUCTURE")
+                callbacks.onInitSegmentReady(initFile)
+                initSegmentEmitted = true
+            }
+
+            // Extract fragment (moof + mdat only)
+            val fragmentBytes = originalBytes.copyOfRange(moofStartPos, originalBytes.size)
+            Log.d(TAG, "HLS_PROCESS: Extracted fragment of ${fragmentBytes.size} bytes")
+
+            // Inject tfdt into the fragment
+            // Note: in the fragment, moof is at position 0
+            val processedFragment = injectTfdtIntoFragment(fragmentBytes, baseMediaDecodeTimeUs)
+
+            // Write back the processed fragment (stripped of header)
+            file.writeBytes(processedFragment)
+
+            Log.i(TAG, "HLS_PROCESS: Segment $segmentIndex processed - header stripped, tfdt injected, final size=${processedFragment.size}")
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error processing segment ${file.name} for HLS", e)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds the position of the moof box in the file.
+     * Returns -1 if not found.
+     */
+    private fun findMoofPosition(buffer: ByteBuffer): Int {
+        var pos = 0
+        while (pos < buffer.limit() - 8) {
+            buffer.position(pos)
+            val size = buffer.int.toLong() and 0xFFFFFFFFL
+            val type = buffer.int
+
+            if (size < 8) break
+
+            // 'moof' = 0x6D6F6F66
+            if (type == 0x6D6F6F66) {
+                return pos
+            }
+
+            pos += size.toInt()
+        }
+        return -1
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Injects a tfdt box into a fragment (moof+mdat).
+     * The fragment has moof at position 0 (header already stripped).
+     * Also fixes tfhd.base_data_offset since we stripped the original file header.
+     */
+    private fun injectTfdtIntoFragment(fragmentBytes: ByteArray, baseMediaDecodeTimeUs: Long): ByteArray {
+        val buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(fragmentBytes).order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN)
+
+        // Find box positions within the fragment (moof is at position 0)
+        val positions = findBoxPositionsInFragment(buffer)
+        if (positions == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "TFDT_INJECT: Could not find required boxes in fragment")
+            return fragmentBytes
+        }
+
+        val (moofPos, moofSize, trafPos, trafSize, tfhdPos, tfhdEnd, trunPos) = positions
+        Log.d(TAG, "TFDT_INJECT: Fragment boxes - moof@$moofPos(size=$moofSize), traf@$trafPos, tfhd@$tfhdPos, trun@$trunPos")
+
+        // First, fix tfhd.base_data_offset - it was pointing to the original file position
+        // but now moof is at position 0, so base_data_offset should be 0
+        fixTfhdBaseDataOffset(buffer, tfhdPos.toInt())
+
+        // Create tfdt box (version 1, 64-bit baseMediaDecodeTime)
+        val tfdtSize = 20
+        val tfdtBytes = ByteBuffer.allocate(tfdtSize).order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN)
+        tfdtBytes.putInt(tfdtSize)                  // size
+        tfdtBytes.putInt(0x74666474)                // 'tfdt'
+        tfdtBytes.put(1.toByte())                   // version = 1
+        tfdtBytes.put(0.toByte())                   // flags[0]
+        tfdtBytes.put(0.toByte())                   // flags[1]
+        tfdtBytes.put(0.toByte())                   // flags[2]
+        tfdtBytes.putLong(baseMediaDecodeTimeUs)    // baseMediaDecodeTime
+
+        // Create new fragment with tfdt injected after tfhd
+        val newBytes = ByteArray(fragmentBytes.size + tfdtSize)
+        val insertPos = tfhdEnd.toInt()
+
+        // Copy bytes before insertion point
+        System.arraycopy(fragmentBytes, 0, newBytes, 0, insertPos)
+
+        // Insert tfdt
+        System.arraycopy(tfdtBytes.array(), 0, newBytes, insertPos, tfdtSize)
+
+        // Copy bytes after insertion point
+        System.arraycopy(fragmentBytes, insertPos, newBytes, insertPos + tfdtSize, fragmentBytes.size - insertPos)
+
+        // Update box sizes in the new buffer
+        val newBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(newBytes).order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN)
+
+        // Update moof size
+        val newMoofSize = moofSize + tfdtSize
+        newBuffer.putInt(moofPos.toInt(), newMoofSize.toInt())
+
+        // Update traf size
+        val newTrafSize = trafSize + tfdtSize
+        newBuffer.putInt(trafPos.toInt(), newTrafSize.toInt())
+
+        // Update trun data_offset if present
+        val newTrunPos = trunPos.toInt() + tfdtSize
+        updateTrunDataOffset(newBuffer, newTrunPos, tfdtSize)
+
+        Log.i(TAG, "TFDT_INJECT: Injected tfdt with baseMediaDecodeTime=$baseMediaDecodeTimeUs us")
+        return newBytes
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Data class to hold box positions for tfdt injection.
+     */
+    private data class BoxPositions(
+        val moofPos: Long,
+        val moofSize: Long,
+        val trafPos: Long,
+        val trafSize: Long,
+        val tfhdPos: Long,  // Position of tfhd (need to fix base_data_offset)
+        val tfhdEnd: Long,  // Position right after tfhd where we'll insert tfdt
+        val trunPos: Long   // Position of trun (need to update its data_offset)
+    )
+
+    /**
+     * Finds the positions of moof, traf, tfhd, and trun boxes in a fragment.
+     * In a fragment, moof is expected to be at position 0.
+     */
+    private fun findBoxPositionsInFragment(buffer: ByteBuffer): BoxPositions? {
+        val fileSize = buffer.limit()
+        var pos = 0
+
+        while (pos < fileSize - 8) {
+            buffer.position(pos)
+            val size = buffer.int.toLong() and 0xFFFFFFFFL
+            val type = buffer.int
+
+            if (size < 8) break
+
+            // 'moof' = 0x6D6F6F66
+            if (type == 0x6D6F6F66) {
+                val moofPos = pos.toLong()
+                val moofSize = size
+                val moofEnd = pos + size.toInt()
+                var childPos = pos + 8
+
+                while (childPos < moofEnd - 8) {
+                    buffer.position(childPos)
+                    val childSize = buffer.int.toLong() and 0xFFFFFFFFL
+                    val childType = buffer.int
+
+                    if (childSize < 8) break
+
+                    // 'traf' = 0x74726166
+                    if (childType == 0x74726166) {
+                        val trafPos = childPos.toLong()
+                        val trafSize = childSize
+                        val trafEnd = childPos + childSize.toInt()
+                        var trafChildPos = childPos + 8
+
+                        var tfhdPos: Long = -1
+                        var tfhdEnd: Long = -1
+                        var trunPos: Long = -1
+
+                        while (trafChildPos < trafEnd - 8) {
+                            buffer.position(trafChildPos)
+                            val trafChildSize = buffer.int.toLong() and 0xFFFFFFFFL
+                            val trafChildType = buffer.int
+
+                            if (trafChildSize < 8) break
+
+                            // 'tfhd' = 0x74666864
+                            if (trafChildType == 0x74666864) {
+                                tfhdPos = trafChildPos.toLong()
+                                tfhdEnd = trafChildPos + trafChildSize
+                            }
+                            // 'trun' = 0x7472756E
+                            else if (trafChildType == 0x7472756E) {
+                                trunPos = trafChildPos.toLong()
+                            }
+
+                            trafChildPos += trafChildSize.toInt()
+                        }
+
+                        if (tfhdPos > 0 && tfhdEnd > 0 && trunPos > 0) {
+                            return BoxPositions(moofPos, moofSize, trafPos, trafSize, tfhdPos, tfhdEnd, trunPos)
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    childPos += childSize.toInt()
+                }
+            }
+
+            pos += size.toInt()
+        }
+
+        return null
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Updates the trun box's data_offset field if present.
+     * The data_offset points to sample data in mdat, and needs to be
+     * increased by the size of the injected tfdt box.
+     *
+     * trun structure:
+     * - 4 bytes: size
+     * - 4 bytes: type ('trun')
+     * - 1 byte: version
+     * - 3 bytes: flags
+     * - 4 bytes: sample_count
+     * - [optional] 4 bytes: data_offset (if flags & 0x000001)
+     */
+    private fun updateTrunDataOffset(buffer: ByteBuffer, trunPos: Int, offsetDelta: Int) {
+        buffer.position(trunPos + 8) // Skip size and type
+        val version = buffer.get().toInt() and 0xFF
+        val flags = ((buffer.get().toInt() and 0xFF) shl 16) or
+                    ((buffer.get().toInt() and 0xFF) shl 8) or
+                    (buffer.get().toInt() and 0xFF)
+
+        // Check if data_offset_present flag (0x000001) is set
+        if ((flags and 0x000001) != 0) {
+            val sampleCount = buffer.int
+            val dataOffsetPos = trunPos + 16 // size(4) + type(4) + version(1) + flags(3) + sample_count(4)
+            buffer.position(dataOffsetPos)
+            val originalOffset = buffer.int
+            val newOffset = originalOffset + offsetDelta
+            buffer.putInt(dataOffsetPos, newOffset)
+            Log.d(TAG, "TFDT_INJECT: Updated trun data_offset: $originalOffset -> $newOffset")
+        } else {
+            Log.d(TAG, "TFDT_INJECT: trun has no data_offset field (flags=0x${flags.toString(16)})")
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Fixes the tfhd box's base_data_offset field after stripping the file header.
+     * When we strip ftyp+moov from the original segment, the base_data_offset
+     * (which pointed to a position in the original file) becomes incorrect.
+     * We set it to 0 since moof is now at the start of the fragment.
+     *
+     * tfhd structure:
+     * - 4 bytes: size
+     * - 4 bytes: type ('tfhd')
+     * - 1 byte: version
+     * - 3 bytes: flags
+     * - 4 bytes: track_id
+     * - [optional] 8 bytes: base_data_offset (if flags & 0x000001)
+     */
+    private fun fixTfhdBaseDataOffset(buffer: ByteBuffer, tfhdPos: Int) {
+        buffer.position(tfhdPos + 8) // Skip size and type
+        val version = buffer.get().toInt() and 0xFF
+        val flags = ((buffer.get().toInt() and 0xFF) shl 16) or
+                    ((buffer.get().toInt() and 0xFF) shl 8) or
+                    (buffer.get().toInt() and 0xFF)
+
+        // Check if base_data_offset_present flag (0x000001) is set
+        if ((flags and 0x000001) != 0) {
+            val trackId = buffer.int
+            val baseDataOffsetPos = tfhdPos + 16 // size(4) + type(4) + version(1) + flags(3) + track_id(4)
+            buffer.position(baseDataOffsetPos)
+            val originalOffset = buffer.long
+            // Set to 0 since moof is now at start of fragment
+            buffer.putLong(baseDataOffsetPos, 0L)
+            Log.i(TAG, "TFHD_FIX: Fixed base_data_offset: $originalOffset -> 0")
+        } else {
+            Log.d(TAG, "TFHD_FIX: tfhd has no base_data_offset field (flags=0x${flags.toString(16)})")
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Debug function to dump MP4 box structure and find avcC/stsd info.
+     */
+    private fun dumpMp4BoxStructure(data: ByteArray, logPrefix: String) {
+        val buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(data).order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN)
+        dumpBoxesRecursive(buffer, 0, data.size, 0, logPrefix)
+    }
+
+    private fun dumpBoxesRecursive(buffer: ByteBuffer, start: Int, end: Int, depth: Int, logPrefix: String) {
+        var pos = start
+        val indent = "  ".repeat(depth)
+
+        while (pos < end - 8) {
+            buffer.position(pos)
+            val size = buffer.int.toLong() and 0xFFFFFFFFL
+            val typeInt = buffer.int
+            val typeBytes = ByteArray(4)
+            typeBytes[0] = ((typeInt shr 24) and 0xFF).toByte()
+            typeBytes[1] = ((typeInt shr 16) and 0xFF).toByte()
+            typeBytes[2] = ((typeInt shr 8) and 0xFF).toByte()
+            typeBytes[3] = (typeInt and 0xFF).toByte()
+            val typeStr = String(typeBytes, Charsets.US_ASCII)
+
+            if (size < 8 || pos + size > end) break
+
+            Log.i(TAG, "$logPrefix: $indent[$typeStr] size=$size @ $pos")
+
+            // For ftyp, dump the brands
+            if (typeStr == "ftyp" && size >= 16) {
+                buffer.position(pos + 8)
+                val majorBrand = ByteArray(4)
+                buffer.get(majorBrand)
+                val minorVersion = buffer.int
+                Log.i(TAG, "$logPrefix: $indent  major_brand=${String(majorBrand)}, minor_version=$minorVersion")
+
+                val compatBrandsStart = pos + 16
+                val compatBrandsEnd = pos + size.toInt()
+                val brands = mutableListOf<String>()
+                var brandPos = compatBrandsStart
+                while (brandPos + 4 <= compatBrandsEnd) {
+                    buffer.position(brandPos)
+                    val brand = ByteArray(4)
+                    buffer.get(brand)
+                    brands.add(String(brand))
+                    brandPos += 4
+                }
+                Log.i(TAG, "$logPrefix: $indent  compatible_brands=${brands.joinToString(",")}")
+            }
+
+            // For avcC, dump the SPS/PPS info
+            if (typeStr == "avcC" && size >= 13) {
+                buffer.position(pos + 8)
+                val configVersion = buffer.get().toInt() and 0xFF
+                val profileIdc = buffer.get().toInt() and 0xFF
+                val profileCompat = buffer.get().toInt() and 0xFF
+                val levelIdc = buffer.get().toInt() and 0xFF
+                val lengthSizeMinusOne = buffer.get().toInt() and 0x03
+                val numSps = buffer.get().toInt() and 0x1F
+
+                Log.i(TAG, "$logPrefix: $indent  avcC: version=$configVersion, profile=$profileIdc, level=$levelIdc, numSPS=$numSps")
+
+                // Read SPS lengths
+                var spsTotal = 0
+                for (i in 0 until numSps) {
+                    val spsLen = buffer.short.toInt() and 0xFFFF
+                    spsTotal += spsLen
+                    Log.i(TAG, "$logPrefix: $indent  SPS[$i] length=$spsLen")
+                    buffer.position(buffer.position() + spsLen)  // Skip SPS data
+                }
+
+                // Read PPS count and lengths
+                if (buffer.position() < pos + size) {
+                    val numPps = buffer.get().toInt() and 0xFF
+                    var ppsTotal = 0
+                    for (i in 0 until numPps) {
+                        if (buffer.position() + 2 <= pos + size) {
+                            val ppsLen = buffer.short.toInt() and 0xFFFF
+                            ppsTotal += ppsLen
+                            Log.i(TAG, "$logPrefix: $indent  PPS[$i] length=$ppsLen")
+                            buffer.position(buffer.position() + ppsLen)  // Skip PPS data
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Log.i(TAG, "$logPrefix: $indent  avcC total: ${size} bytes, SPS=$spsTotal bytes, PPS=$ppsTotal bytes")
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Recurse into container boxes
+            val containerBoxes = setOf("moov", "trak", "mdia", "minf", "stbl", "stsd", "mvex", "edts")
+            if (typeStr in containerBoxes) {
+                // stsd has 8 extra bytes (version/flags + entry_count) before children
+                val childStart = if (typeStr == "stsd") pos + 16 else pos + 8
+                dumpBoxesRecursive(buffer, childStart, pos + size.toInt(), depth + 1, logPrefix)
+            }
+            // avc1 is a sample entry, structure: 8 byte header + 78 byte fixed fields + child boxes
+            if (typeStr == "avc1") {
+                dumpBoxesRecursive(buffer, pos + 86, pos + size.toInt(), depth + 1, logPrefix)
+            }
+
+            pos += size.toInt()
+        }
+    }
+}

package/android/src/main/java/com/mrousavy/camera/core/PreviewView.kt

@@ -2,19 +2,85 @@ package com.mrousavy.camera.core
 
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint
 import android.content.Context
+import android.content.res.Configuration
 import android.graphics.Point
+import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.Looper
 import android.util.Log
 import android.util.Size
+import android.view.PixelCopy
+import android.view.Surface
 import android.view.SurfaceHolder
 import android.view.SurfaceView
+import android.view.WindowManager
 import com.facebook.react.bridge.UiThreadUtil
 import com.mrousavy.camera.extensions.resize
 import com.mrousavy.camera.extensions.rotatedBy
 import com.mrousavy.camera.types.Orientation
 import com.mrousavy.camera.types.ResizeMode
+import kotlin.coroutines.resume
+import kotlin.coroutines.resumeWithException
 import kotlin.math.roundToInt
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
+import kotlinx.coroutines.suspendCancellableCoroutine
 import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
+import android.graphics.Bitmap
+import android.graphics.Matrix
+
+fun rotateBitmap90CounterClockwise(source: Bitmap): Bitmap {
+    val width = source.width
+    val height = source.height
+
+    // Create a new Bitmap with swapped width and height
+    val rotatedBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(height, width, source.config ?: Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888)
+
+    for (y in 0 until height) {
+        for (x in 0 until width) {
+            // Set the pixel in the new position
+            rotatedBitmap.setPixel(y, width - 1 - x, source.getPixel(x, y))
+        }
+    }
+
+    return rotatedBitmap
+}
+
+
+fun Bitmap.transformBitmap(orientation: Orientation): Bitmap {
+    return when (orientation) {
+        Orientation.PORTRAIT -> this // No transformation needed
+        Orientation.LANDSCAPE_LEFT -> {
+            // Transpose (swap width and height)
+            val transposedBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(height, width, config ?: Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888)
+            for (y in 0 until height) {
+                for (x in 0 until width) {
+                    transposedBitmap.setPixel(y, width - 1 - x, getPixel(x, y))
+                }
+            }
+            transposedBitmap
+        }
+        Orientation.PORTRAIT_UPSIDE_DOWN -> {
+            // Invert vertically and horizontally (180-degree rotation)
+            val invertedBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(width, height, config ?: Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888)
+            for (y in 0 until height) {
+                for (x in 0 until width) {
+                    invertedBitmap.setPixel(width - 1 - x, height - 1 - y, getPixel(x, y))
+                }
+            }
+            invertedBitmap
+        }
+        Orientation.LANDSCAPE_RIGHT -> {
+            // Transpose (swap width and height) and invert vertically
+            val transposedBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(height, width, config ?: Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888)
+            for (y in 0 until height) {
+                for (x in 0 until width) {
+                    transposedBitmap.setPixel(height - 1 - y, x, getPixel(x, y))
+                }
+            }
+            transposedBitmap
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 
 @SuppressLint("ViewConstructor")
 class PreviewView(context: Context, callback: SurfaceHolder.Callback) :
@@ -80,6 +146,52 @@ class PreviewView(context: Context, callback: SurfaceHolder.Callback) :
     }
   }
 
+  suspend fun getBitmap(): Bitmap? = withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
+    val frame = holder.getSurfaceFrame()
+
+    val width = frame.width()
+    val height = frame.height()
+
+    // Create bitmap matching surface frame dimensions for PixelCopy
+    // The original code swapped dimensions assuming landscape input - keep that for consistency
+    val bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(height, width, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888)
+
+    // Use a coroutine to suspend until the PixelCopy request is complete
+    suspendCancellableCoroutine<Bitmap?> { continuation ->
+    PixelCopy.request(
+        holder.surface,
+        bitmap,
+        { copyResult ->
+          if (copyResult == PixelCopy.SUCCESS) {
+            // Get actual device rotation from WindowManager instead of relying on
+            // the orientation prop, which may not update on Android when rotating
+            // between landscape-left and landscape-right.
+            val windowManager = context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE) as WindowManager
+            val deviceRotation = windowManager.defaultDisplay.rotation
+
+            val actualOrientation = when (deviceRotation) {
+                Surface.ROTATION_0 -> Orientation.PORTRAIT
+                Surface.ROTATION_90 -> Orientation.LANDSCAPE_LEFT
+                Surface.ROTATION_180 -> Orientation.PORTRAIT_UPSIDE_DOWN
+                Surface.ROTATION_270 -> Orientation.LANDSCAPE_RIGHT
+                else -> Orientation.PORTRAIT
+            }
+
+            Log.i(TAG, "getBitmap: orientation prop = $orientation, deviceRotation = $deviceRotation, actualOrientation = $actualOrientation")
+
+            continuation.resume(bitmap.transformBitmap(actualOrientation))
+          } else {
+            continuation.resumeWithException(
+                RuntimeException("PixelCopy failed with error code $copyResult")
+            )
+          }
+        },
+        Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())
+    )
+    }
+  }
+
+
   fun convertLayerPointToCameraCoordinates(point: Point, cameraDeviceDetails: CameraDeviceDetails): Point {
     val sensorOrientation = cameraDeviceDetails.sensorOrientation
     val cameraSize = Size(cameraDeviceDetails.activeSize.width(), cameraDeviceDetails.activeSize.height())
@@ -97,22 +209,14 @@ class PreviewView(context: Context, callback: SurfaceHolder.Callback) :
     }
   }
 
-  override fun requestLayout() {
-    super.requestLayout()
-    // Manually trigger measure & layout, as RN on Android skips those.
-    // See this issue: https://github.com/facebook/react-native/issues/17968#issuecomment-721958427
-    post {
-      measure(MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(width, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY), MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(height, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY))
-      layout(left, top, right, bottom)
-    }
-  }
-
   private fun getSize(contentSize: Size, containerSize: Size, resizeMode: ResizeMode): Size {
     var contentSize = contentSize
-    // Swap dimensions if orientation is landscape
-    if (orientation.isLandscape()) {
+    var androidOrientation = context.getResources().getConfiguration().orientation;
+
+    if (androidOrientation == Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE) {
       contentSize = Size(contentSize.height, contentSize.width)
     }
+
     val contentAspectRatio = contentSize.width.toDouble() / contentSize.height
     val containerAspectRatio = containerSize.width.toDouble() / containerSize.height
     if (!(contentAspectRatio > 0 && containerAspectRatio > 0)) {

package/android/src/main/java/com/mrousavy/camera/core/RecordingSession.kt

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import android.content.Context
 import android.util.Log
 import android.util.Size
 import android.view.Surface
+import androidx.media3.common.util.UnstableApi
 import com.facebook.common.statfs.StatFsHelper
 import com.mrousavy.camera.extensions.getRecommendedBitRate
 import com.mrousavy.camera.types.Orientation
@@ -14,6 +15,8 @@ import android.os.Environment
 import java.text.SimpleDateFormat
 import java.util.Locale
 import java.util.Date
+
+@UnstableApi
 class RecordingSession(
   context: Context,
   val cameraId: String,
@@ -21,12 +24,14 @@ class RecordingSession(
   private val enableAudio: Boolean,
   private val fps: Int? = null,
   private val hdr: Boolean = false,
-  private val cameraOrientation: Orientation,
+  val cameraOrientation: Orientation,
   private val options: RecordVideoOptions,
   private val filePath: String,
   private val callback: (video: Video) -> Unit,
   private val onError: (error: CameraError) -> Unit,
   private val allCallbacks: CameraSession.Callback,
+  // Use the new FragmentedMp4Muxer-based recorder for HLS-compatible output
+  private val useFragmentedMp4: Boolean = true
 ) {
   companion object {
     private const val TAG = "RecordingSession"
@@ -34,6 +39,9 @@ class RecordingSession(
     private const val AUDIO_SAMPLING_RATE = 44_100
     private const val AUDIO_BIT_RATE = 16 * AUDIO_SAMPLING_RATE
     private const val AUDIO_CHANNELS = 1
+
+    // Segment duration in seconds (matching iOS default of 6 seconds)
+    private const val SEGMENT_DURATION_SECONDS = 6
   }
 
   data class Video(val path: String, val durationMs: Long, val size: Size)
@@ -41,7 +49,23 @@ class RecordingSession(
   private val outputPath: File = File(filePath)
 
   private val bitRate = getBitRate()
-  private val recorder = ChunkedRecordingManager.fromParams(
+
+  // Use FragmentedRecordingManager for HLS-compatible fMP4 output,
+  // or fall back to ChunkedRecordingManager for regular MP4 chunks
+  private val recorder: ChunkedRecorderInterface = if (useFragmentedMp4) {
+    FragmentedRecordingManager.fromParams(
+      allCallbacks,
+      size,
+      enableAudio,
+      fps,
+      cameraOrientation,
+      bitRate,
+      options,
+      outputPath,
+      SEGMENT_DURATION_SECONDS
+    )
+  } else {
+    ChunkedRecordingManager.fromParams(
       allCallbacks,
       size,
       enableAudio,
@@ -51,6 +75,7 @@ class RecordingSession(
       options,
       outputPath
     )
+  }
   private var startTime: Long? = null
   val surface: Surface
     get() {

package/android/src/main/java/com/mrousavy/camera/core/VideoPipeline.kt

@@ -162,6 +162,14 @@ class VideoPipeline(
       // 4. Get the transform matrix from the SurfaceTexture (rotations/scales applied by Camera)
       surfaceTexture.getTransformMatrix(transformMatrix)
 
+      // Log transform matrix for debugging rotation issues (only when recording)
+      if (recordingSession != null) {
+        Log.i(TAG, "ROTATION_DEBUG TransformMatrix: [${transformMatrix[0]}, ${transformMatrix[1]}, ${transformMatrix[2]}, ${transformMatrix[3]}], " +
+                   "[${transformMatrix[4]}, ${transformMatrix[5]}, ${transformMatrix[6]}, ${transformMatrix[7]}], " +
+                   "[${transformMatrix[8]}, ${transformMatrix[9]}, ${transformMatrix[10]}, ${transformMatrix[11]}], " +
+                   "[${transformMatrix[12]}, ${transformMatrix[13]}, ${transformMatrix[14]}, ${transformMatrix[15]}]")
+      }
+
       // 5. Draw it with applied rotation/mirroring
       onFrame(transformMatrix)
 
@@ -181,11 +189,15 @@ class VideoPipeline(
   /**
    * Configures the Pipeline to also write Frames to a Surface from a `MediaRecorder` (or null)
    */
-  fun setRecordingSessionOutput(recordingSession: RecordingSession?) {
+  fun setRecordingSessionOutput(recordingSession: RecordingSession?, orientation: Orientation = Orientation.LANDSCAPE_LEFT) {
     synchronized(this) {
       if (recordingSession != null) {
         // Configure OpenGL pipeline to stream Frames into the Recording Session's surface
-        Log.i(TAG, "Setting ${recordingSession.size} RecordingSession Output...")
+        Log.i(TAG, "Setting ${recordingSession.size} RecordingSession Output with orientation=$orientation...")
+        // Set the recording orientation for the native layer
+        // 0 = LANDSCAPE_LEFT (CCW), 1 = LANDSCAPE_RIGHT (CW)
+        val orientationValue = if (orientation == Orientation.LANDSCAPE_RIGHT) 1 else 0
+        setRecordingOrientation(orientationValue)
         setRecordingSessionOutputSurface(recordingSession.surface)
         this.recordingSession = recordingSession
       } else {
@@ -252,5 +264,6 @@ class VideoPipeline(
   private external fun onFrame(transformMatrix: FloatArray)
   private external fun setRecordingSessionOutputSurface(surface: Any)
   private external fun removeRecordingSessionOutputSurface()
+  private external fun setRecordingOrientation(orientation: Int)
   private external fun initHybrid(width: Int, height: Int): HybridData
 }

package/android/src/main/java/com/mrousavy/camera/frameprocessor/VisionCameraProxy.kt

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+@file:Suppress("DEPRECATION")
+
 package com.mrousavy.camera.frameprocessor
 
 import android.util.Log
@@ -7,7 +9,6 @@ import com.facebook.jni.HybridData
 import com.facebook.proguard.annotations.DoNotStrip
 import com.facebook.react.bridge.ReactApplicationContext
 import com.facebook.react.bridge.UiThreadUtil
-import com.facebook.react.turbomodule.core.CallInvokerHolderImpl
 import com.facebook.react.uimanager.UIManagerHelper
 import com.mrousavy.camera.CameraView
 import com.mrousavy.camera.core.ViewNotFoundError
@@ -21,19 +22,26 @@ class VisionCameraProxy(private val reactContext: ReactApplicationContext) {
 
   @DoNotStrip
   @Keep
-  private var mHybridData: HybridData
+  private var mHybridData: HybridData?
   private var mContext: WeakReference<ReactApplicationContext>
   private var mScheduler: VisionCameraScheduler
   val context: ReactApplicationContext
     get() = reactContext
 
   init {
-    val jsCallInvokerHolder = context.catalystInstance.jsCallInvokerHolder as CallInvokerHolderImpl
-    val jsRuntimeHolder =
-      context.javaScriptContextHolder?.get() ?: throw Error("JSI Runtime is null! VisionCamera does not yet support bridgeless mode..")
+    // TODO: Fix for React Native 0.79+ - these APIs are now framework-only
+    // Since Frame Processors are disabled anyway (react-native-worklets-core not found),
+    // we'll disable this functionality to allow the build to complete
+    Log.w(TAG, "Frame Processor initialization disabled due to React Native 0.79+ API compatibility issues")
     mScheduler = VisionCameraScheduler()
     mContext = WeakReference(context)
-    mHybridData = initHybrid(jsRuntimeHolder, jsCallInvokerHolder, mScheduler)
+    // Disable Frame Processor functionality since APIs are not compatible
+    mHybridData = null
+    
+    // Original code that fails with RN 0.79+:
+    // val jsCallInvokerHolder = context.catalystInstance.jsCallInvokerHolder as CallInvokerHolderImpl
+    // val jsRuntimeHolder = context.javaScriptContextHolder?.get() ?: throw Error("JSI Runtime is null!")
+    // mHybridData = initHybrid(jsRuntimeHolder, jsCallInvokerHolder, mScheduler)
   }
 
   @UiThread
@@ -69,5 +77,9 @@ class VisionCameraProxy(private val reactContext: ReactApplicationContext) {
     FrameProcessorPluginRegistry.getPlugin(name, this, options)
 
   // private C++ funcs
-  private external fun initHybrid(jsContext: Long, jsCallInvokerHolder: CallInvokerHolderImpl, scheduler: VisionCameraScheduler): HybridData
+  // Frame Processors are disabled - native registration is skipped via VISION_CAMERA_ENABLE_FRAME_PROCESSORS=OFF
+  // This method is never called or registered, kept for reference only
+  // @DoNotStrip
+  // @Keep
+  // private external fun initHybrid(jsContext: Long, jsCallInvokerHolder: Any, scheduler: VisionCameraScheduler): HybridData
 }

package/android/src/main/java/com/mrousavy/camera/utils/FileUtils.kt

@@ -1,10 +1,30 @@
 package com.mrousavy.camera.utils
 
 import android.content.Context
+import android.graphics.Bitmap
+import android.graphics.BitmapFactory
+import android.util.Size
 import java.io.File
+import java.io.FileOutputStream
 
 class FileUtils {
   companion object {
+    fun writeBitmapTofile(bitmap: Bitmap, file: File, quality: Int) {
+      FileOutputStream(file).use { stream ->
+        bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 50, stream)
+      }
+    }
+
+    fun getImageSize(imagePath: String): Size {
+      val bitmapOptions = BitmapFactory.Options().also {
+        it.inJustDecodeBounds = true
+      }
+      BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imagePath, bitmapOptions)
+      val width = bitmapOptions.outWidth
+      val height = bitmapOptions.outHeight
+      return Size(width, height)
+    }
+
     fun createTempFile(context: Context, extension: String): File =
         File.createTempFile("mrousavy", extension, context.cacheDir).also {
       it.deleteOnExit()

package/android/src/main/java/com/mrousavy/camera/utils/withPromise.kt

@@ -11,6 +11,6 @@ inline fun withPromise(promise: Promise, closure: () -> Any?) {
   } catch (e: Throwable) {
     e.printStackTrace()
     val error = if (e is CameraError) e else UnknownCameraError(e)
-    promise.reject("${error.domain}/${error.id}", error.message, error.cause)
+    promise.reject("${error.domain}/${error.id}", error.message ?: "Unknown error", error.cause)
   }
 }

package/example/package.json

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@
     "@react-native-community/blur": "^4.3.2",
     "@react-navigation/native": "^6.1.7",
     "@react-navigation/native-stack": "^6.9.13",
-    "react": "^18.2.0",
-    "react-native": "^0.72.3",
+    "react": "^19.1.1",
+    "react-native": "^0.81.0",
     "react-native-fast-image": "^8.6.3",
     "react-native-gesture-handler": "^2.12.1",
     "react-native-mmkv": "^2.10.2",
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
     "@types/react-native-vector-icons": "^6.4.13",
     "@types/react-native-video": "^5.0.15",
     "babel-plugin-module-resolver": "^5.0.0",
-    "eslint": "^8.46.0",
+    "eslint": "^9.33.0",
     "eslint-plugin-prettier": "^5.0.0",
     "metro-react-native-babel-preset": "^0.77.0",
     "prettier": "^3.2.4",

package/example/src/capture-button.tsx

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ export const RecordingButton: React.FC<RecordingButtonProps> = ({ style, camera,
           onMediaCaptured(video, 'video')
           onStoppedRecording()
         },
-      })
+      }, 'video.mp4')
       console.log('called startRecording()!')
       isRecording.current = true
       setRecordingState(true)

package/flake.lock

@@ -1,189 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "nodes": {
-    "android-nixpkgs": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "devshell": "devshell",
-        "flake-utils": "flake-utils",
-        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs"
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1701980274,
-        "narHash": "sha256-uKJIFvsahbWw52TsIht7g2iosXBgJDRMSMoCE1fvEAk=",
-        "owner": "tadfisher",
-        "repo": "android-nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "bce9d437ed54ee1425b66442a12814fee4cdbd51",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "tadfisher",
-        "repo": "android-nixpkgs",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "devshell": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "nixpkgs": [
-          "android-nixpkgs",
-          "nixpkgs"
-        ],
-        "systems": "systems"
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1701787589,
-        "narHash": "sha256-ce+oQR4Zq9VOsLoh9bZT8Ip9PaMLcjjBUHVPzW5d7Cw=",
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "devshell",
-        "rev": "44ddedcbcfc2d52a76b64fb6122f209881bd3e1e",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "devshell",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "flake-utils": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "systems": "systems_2"
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1701680307,
-        "narHash": "sha256-kAuep2h5ajznlPMD9rnQyffWG8EM/C73lejGofXvdM8=",
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "flake-utils",
-        "rev": "4022d587cbbfd70fe950c1e2083a02621806a725",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "flake-utils",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "flake-utils_2": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "systems": "systems_3"
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1701680307,
-        "narHash": "sha256-kAuep2h5ajznlPMD9rnQyffWG8EM/C73lejGofXvdM8=",
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "flake-utils",
-        "rev": "4022d587cbbfd70fe950c1e2083a02621806a725",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "flake-utils",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "gitignore": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "nixpkgs": [
-          "nixpkgs"
-        ]
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1694102001,
-        "narHash": "sha256-vky6VPK1n1od6vXbqzOXnekrQpTL4hbPAwUhT5J9c9E=",
-        "owner": "hercules-ci",
-        "repo": "gitignore.nix",
-        "rev": "9e21c80adf67ebcb077d75bd5e7d724d21eeafd6",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "hercules-ci",
-        "repo": "gitignore.nix",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "nixpkgs": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1701718080,
-        "narHash": "sha256-6ovz0pG76dE0P170pmmZex1wWcQoeiomUZGggfH9XPs=",
-        "owner": "NixOS",
-        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "2c7f3c0fb7c08a0814627611d9d7d45ab6d75335",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "NixOS",
-        "ref": "nixos-unstable",
-        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "nixpkgs_2": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1702312524,
-        "narHash": "sha256-gkZJRDBUCpTPBvQk25G0B7vfbpEYM5s5OZqghkjZsnE=",
-        "owner": "nixos",
-        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "a9bf124c46ef298113270b1f84a164865987a91c",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "nixos",
-        "ref": "nixos-unstable",
-        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "root": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "android-nixpkgs": "android-nixpkgs",
-        "flake-utils": "flake-utils_2",
-        "gitignore": "gitignore",
-        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs_2"
-      }
-    },
-    "systems": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1681028828,
-        "narHash": "sha256-Vy1rq5AaRuLzOxct8nz4T6wlgyUR7zLU309k9mBC768=",
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "rev": "da67096a3b9bf56a91d16901293e51ba5b49a27e",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "systems_2": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1681028828,
-        "narHash": "sha256-Vy1rq5AaRuLzOxct8nz4T6wlgyUR7zLU309k9mBC768=",
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "rev": "da67096a3b9bf56a91d16901293e51ba5b49a27e",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "systems_3": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1681028828,
-        "narHash": "sha256-Vy1rq5AaRuLzOxct8nz4T6wlgyUR7zLU309k9mBC768=",
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "rev": "da67096a3b9bf56a91d16901293e51ba5b49a27e",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    }
-  },
-  "root": "root",
-  "version": 7
-}

package/flake.nix

@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-{
-  description = "Sample Nix ts-node build";
-  inputs = {
-    nixpkgs.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
-    flake-utils.url = "github:numtide/flake-utils";
-    gitignore = {
-      url = "github:hercules-ci/gitignore.nix";
-      inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
-    };
-    android-nixpkgs = {
-      url = "github:tadfisher/android-nixpkgs";
-    };
-  };
-  outputs = {
-    self,
-    nixpkgs,
-    flake-utils,
-    gitignore,
-    android-nixpkgs,
-    ...
-  }:
-    flake-utils.lib.eachDefaultSystem (system: let
-      pkgs = import nixpkgs {inherit system;};
-      nodejs = pkgs.nodejs-18_x;
-      # NOTE: this does not work
-      appBuild = pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
-        name = "example-ts-node";
-        version = "0.1.0";
-        src = gitignore.lib.gitignoreSource ./.; # uses the gitignore in the repo to only copy files git would see
-        buildInputs = [nodejs];
-        # https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/#sec-stdenv-phases
-        buildPhase = ''
-          # each phase has pre/postHooks. When you make your own phase be sure to still call the hooks
-          runHook preBuild
-          npm ci
-          npm run build
-          runHook postBuild
-        '';
-        installPhase = ''
-          runHook preInstall
-          cp -r node_modules $out/node_modules
-          cp package.json $out/package.json
-          cp -r dist $out/dist
-          runHook postInstall
-        '';
-      };
-      android-sdk = android-nixpkgs.sdk.${system} (sdkPkgs:
-        with sdkPkgs; [
-          cmdline-tools-latest
-          build-tools-30-0-3
-          build-tools-33-0-0
-          build-tools-33-0-1
-          build-tools-34-0-0
-          platform-tools
-          platforms-android-33
-          platforms-android-34
-          emulator
-          ndk-23-1-7779620
-          cmake-3-22-1
-          system-images-android-33-google-apis-x86-64
-          system-images-android-34-google-apis-x86-64
-        ]);
-    in
-      with pkgs; {
-        defaultPackage = appBuild;
-        devShell = mkShell {
-          buildInputs = [nodejs yarn watchman gradle_7 alejandra nodePackages.prettier ktlint kotlin-language-server];
-          ANDROID_SDK_BIN = android-sdk;
-          shellHook = ''
-            export JAVA_HOME=${pkgs.jdk17.home}
-            source ${android-sdk.out}/nix-support/setup-hook
-            export PATH=${android-sdk}/bin:$PATH
-            ORG_GRADLE_PROJECT_ANDROID_HOME="$ANDROID_HOME"
-          '';
-        };
-      });
-}

package/ios/CameraView+RecordVideo.swift

@@ -50,4 +50,12 @@ extension CameraView: AVCaptureVideoDataOutputSampleBufferDelegate, AVCaptureAud
   func resumeRecording(promise: Promise) {
     cameraSession.resumeRecording(promise: promise)
   }
+  
+  func lockExposure(promise: Promise) {
+    cameraSession.lockCurrentExposure(promise: promise)
+  }
+  
+  func unlockExposure(promise: Promise) {
+    cameraSession.unlockCurrentExposure(promise: promise)
+  }
 }

package/ios/CameraView.swift

@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ public final class CameraView: UIView, CameraSessionDelegate {
   var pinchGestureRecognizer: UIPinchGestureRecognizer?
   var pinchScaleOffset: CGFloat = 1.0
   private var currentConfigureCall: DispatchTime?
-  var lastProcessedTime: Date?
 
   var previewView: PreviewView
   #if DEBUG
@@ -331,7 +330,6 @@ public final class CameraView: UIView, CameraSessionDelegate {
   }
 
   func onFrame(sampleBuffer: CMSampleBuffer) {
-    processFrameIfNeeded(sampleBuffer)
     #if VISION_CAMERA_ENABLE_FRAME_PROCESSORS
       if let frameProcessor = frameProcessor {
         // Call Frame Processor
@@ -406,99 +404,3 @@ public final class CameraView: UIView, CameraSessionDelegate {
     }
   }
 }
-
-extension CameraView {
-  
-  func processFrameIfNeeded(_ sampleBuffer: CMSampleBuffer) {
-    let currentTime = Date()
-    if let lastTime = lastProcessedTime {
-      if currentTime.timeIntervalSince(lastTime) >= 10.0 {
-        processCapturedFrame(sampleBuffer)
-        lastProcessedTime = currentTime
-      }
-    } else {
-      // Process the first frame immediately
-      processCapturedFrame(sampleBuffer)
-      lastProcessedTime = currentTime
-    }
-  }
-  
-  func processCapturedFrame(_ sampleBuffer: CMSampleBuffer) {
-    ReactLogger.log(level: .info, message: "processCapturedFrame")
-    // Your existing processing logic
-    guard let pixelBuffer = CMSampleBufferGetImageBuffer(sampleBuffer) else { return }
-    
-    let ciImage = CIImage(cvPixelBuffer: pixelBuffer)
-    
-    // Analyze for white balance
-    let isWhiteBalanceIssue = analyzeFrameForWhiteBalance(ciImage: ciImage)
-    
-    if isWhiteBalanceIssue {
-      ReactLogger.log(level: .info, message: "White balance issue detected")
-      print("White balance issue detected")
-      guard let exposure = cameraSession.configuration?.exposure else {
-        updateExposure(0.5)
-        return
-      }
-      updateExposure(exposure - 0.2)
-      ReactLogger.log(level: .info, message: "Exposure = \(exposure)")
-    } else {
-      ReactLogger.log(level: .info, message: "White balance is okay")
-      print("White balance is okay. Exposure = \(cameraSession.configuration?.exposure)")
-    }
-  }
-  
-  func analyzeFrameForWhiteBalance(ciImage: CIImage) -> Bool {
-    ReactLogger.log(level: .info, message: "analyzeFrameForWhiteBalance")
-    let extent = ciImage.extent
-    
-    // Define the central region as a smaller rectangle in the middle of the frame (e.g., 1/4 the size)
-    let centerRect = CGRect(
-      x: extent.origin.x + extent.size.width * 0.25,
-      y: extent.origin.y + extent.size.height * 0.25,
-      width: extent.size.width * 0.5,
-      height: extent.size.height * 0.5
-    )
-    
-    // Crop the image to the centerRect
-    let croppedImage = ciImage.cropped(to: centerRect)
-    
-    let averageColorFilter = CIFilter(name: "CIAreaAverage", parameters: [kCIInputImageKey: croppedImage, kCIInputExtentKey: CIVector(cgRect: centerRect)])!
-    
-    guard let outputImage = averageColorFilter.outputImage else {
-      ReactLogger.log(level: .info, message: "analyzeFrameForWhiteBalance guard")
-      return false
-    }
-    
-    var bitmap = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: 4)
-    let context = CIContext()
-    context.render(outputImage, toBitmap: &bitmap, rowBytes: 4, bounds: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 1, height: 1), format: .RGBA8, colorSpace: nil)
-    
-    let red = Float(bitmap[0]) / 255.0
-    let green = Float(bitmap[1]) / 255.0
-    let blue = Float(bitmap[2]) / 255.0
-    
-    ReactLogger.log(level: .info, message: "\(red), \(green), \(blue)")
-    
-    // Check for white balance issue by comparing color channels
-    let threshold: Float = 0.25
-    if abs(red - green) > threshold
-        || abs(blue - green) > threshold
-        || abs(1 - red) < threshold
-        || abs(1 - green) < threshold
-        || abs(1 - blue) < threshold {
-      print("White balance issue detected")
-      return true
-    }
-    
-    return false
-  }
-  
-  func updateExposure (_ exposure: Float) {
-    ReactLogger.log(level: .info, message: "Updating exposure: [\(exposure)]")
-    
-    cameraSession.configure { config in
-      config.exposure = exposure
-    }
-  }
-}

package/ios/CameraViewManager.m

@@ -86,5 +86,13 @@ RCT_EXTERN_METHOD(focus
                   : (NSDictionary*)point resolve
                   : (RCTPromiseResolveBlock)resolve reject
                   : (RCTPromiseRejectBlock)reject);
+RCT_EXTERN_METHOD(lockCurrentExposure
+                  : (nonnull NSNumber*)node resolve
+                  : (RCTPromiseResolveBlock)resolve reject
+                  : (RCTPromiseRejectBlock)reject);
+RCT_EXTERN_METHOD(unlockCurrentExposure
+                  : (nonnull NSNumber*)node resolve
+                  : (RCTPromiseResolveBlock)resolve reject
+                  : (RCTPromiseRejectBlock)reject);
 
 @end

package/ios/CameraViewManager.swift

@@ -111,6 +111,18 @@ final class CameraViewManager: RCTViewManager {
     }
   }
   
+  @objc
+  final func lockCurrentExposure(_ node: NSNumber, resolve: @escaping RCTPromiseResolveBlock, reject: @escaping RCTPromiseRejectBlock) {
+    let component = getCameraView(withTag: node)
+    component.lockExposure(promise: Promise(resolver: resolve, rejecter: reject))
+  }
+  
+  @objc
+  final func unlockCurrentExposure(_ node: NSNumber, resolve: @escaping RCTPromiseResolveBlock, reject: @escaping RCTPromiseRejectBlock) {
+    let component = getCameraView(withTag: node)
+    component.unlockExposure(promise: Promise(resolver: resolve, rejecter: reject))
+  }
+
   // MARK: Private
 
   private func getCameraView(withTag tag: NSNumber) -> CameraView {

package/ios/Core/CameraSession+Video.swift

@@ -191,4 +191,68 @@ extension CameraSession {
       }
     }
   }
+
+  func lockCurrentExposure(promise: Promise) {
+    CameraQueues.cameraQueue.async {
+      withPromise(promise) {
+        guard let captureDevice = AVCaptureDevice.default(for: .video) else {
+          print("No capture device available")
+          return
+        }
+
+        guard captureDevice.isExposureModeSupported(.custom) else {
+          ReactLogger.log(level: .info, message: "Custom exposure mode not supported")
+          return
+        }
+        do {
+          // Lock the device for configuration
+          try captureDevice.lockForConfiguration()
+
+          // Get the current exposure duration and ISO
+          let currentExposureDuration = captureDevice.exposureDuration
+          let currentISO = captureDevice.iso
+
+          // Check if the device supports custom exposure settings
+          if captureDevice.isExposureModeSupported(.custom) {
+            // Lock the current exposure and ISO by setting custom exposure mode
+            captureDevice.setExposureModeCustom(duration: currentExposureDuration, iso: currentISO, completionHandler: nil)
+            ReactLogger.log(level: .info, message: "Exposure and ISO locked at current values")
+          } else {
+            ReactLogger.log(level: .info, message:"Custom exposure mode not supported")
+          }
+
+          // Unlock the device after configuration
+          captureDevice.unlockForConfiguration()
+
+        } catch {
+          ReactLogger.log(level: .warning, message:"Error locking exposure: \(error)")
+        }
+
+        return nil
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  func unlockCurrentExposure(promise: Promise) {
+    CameraQueues.cameraQueue.async {
+      withPromise(promise) {
+        guard let captureDevice = AVCaptureDevice.default(for: .video) else {
+          print("No capture device available")
+          return
+        }
+
+        do {
+          if captureDevice.isExposureModeSupported(.autoExpose) {
+            try captureDevice.lockForConfiguration()
+            captureDevice.exposureMode = .continuousAutoExposure
+            captureDevice.unlockForConfiguration()
+          }
+        } catch {
+          ReactLogger.log(level: .warning, message:"Error unlocking exposure: \(error)")
+        }
+
+        return nil
+      }
+    }
+  }
 }

package/package.json

@@ -87,16 +87,15 @@
   "devDependencies": {
     "@expo/config-plugins": "^7.2.5",
     "@jamesacarr/eslint-formatter-github-actions": "^0.2.0",
-    "@react-native/eslint-config": "^0.72.2",
-    "@react-native/typescript-config": "^0.74.0",
+    "@react-native/eslint-config": "^0.81.0",
+    "@react-native/typescript-config": "^0.81.0",
     "@release-it/conventional-changelog": "^7.0.0",
     "@types/react": "^18.2.19",
-    "@types/react-native": "^0.72.2",
     "eslint": "^8.46.0",
     "eslint-plugin-prettier": "^5.0.0",
     "prettier": "^3.0.1",
-    "react": "^18.2.0",
-    "react-native": "^0.72.3",
+    "react": "^19.1.1",
+    "react-native": "^0.81.0",
     "react-native-builder-bob": "^0.21.3",
     "react-native-worklets-core": "^0.3.0",
     "release-it": "^16.1.3",

package/src/Camera.tsx

@@ -319,6 +319,22 @@ export class Camera extends React.PureComponent<CameraProps, CameraState> {
       throw tryParseNativeCameraError(e)
     }
   }
+
+  public async lockCurrentExposure(): Promise<void> {
+    try {
+      return await CameraModule.lockCurrentExposure(this.handle)
+    } catch (e) {
+      throw tryParseNativeCameraError(e)
+    }
+  }
+
+  public async unlockCurrentExposure(): Promise<void> {
+    try {
+      return await CameraModule.unlockCurrentExposure(this.handle)
+    } catch (e) {
+      throw tryParseNativeCameraError(e)
+    }
+  }
   //#endregion
 
   //#region Static Functions (NativeModule)