diff --git a/dotfiles/config/hypr/hyprland/binds.lua b/dotfiles/config/hypr/hyprland/binds.lua
index c8e7e7f2..88ad930c 100644
--- a/dotfiles/config/hypr/hyprland/binds.lua
+++ b/dotfiles/config/hypr/hyprland/binds.lua
@@ -2,274 +2,292 @@ local M = {}
 
 function M.setup(ctx)
   local _ENV = ctx
-  bind(main_mod .. " + P", exec(launcher_command))
-  bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + P", exec(run_menu))
-  bind(hyper .. " + SHIFT + N", exec(shell_ui_command .. " control-center"))
-  bind(hyper .. " + CTRL + N", exec(shell_ui_command .. " settings"))
-  bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + Return", exec(terminal))
-  bind(main_mod .. " + Q", exec("hyprctl reload"))
-  bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + C", hl.dsp.window.close())
-  bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + Q", hl.dsp.exit())
-  bind(main_mod .. " + E", exec("emacsclient --eval '(emacs-everywhere)'"))
-  bind(main_mod .. " + V", exec("wl-paste | xdotool type --file -"))
-  bind(main_mod .. " + Tab", hyprwinview({
-    action = "show",
-    start_in_filter_mode = true,
-    default_action = "select",
-  }), overview_bind_opts)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + Tab", hyprwinview({
-    action = "show",
-    include_current_workspace = false,
-    start_in_filter_mode = true,
-    default_action = "bring",
-  }), overview_bind_opts)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + slash", hyprwinview({ action = "toggle-filter" }), overview_bind_opts)
-  bind("ALT + Tab", enable_hyprspace and hyprspace("toggle") or hyprwinview({
-    action = "show",
-    start_in_filter_mode = true,
-    default_action = "select",
-  }), overview_bind_opts)
-  bind("ALT + SHIFT + Tab", hyprexpo("open"), overview_bind_opts)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + G", hyprwinview({
-    action = "show",
-    start_in_filter_mode = true,
-    default_action = "select",
-  }), overview_bind_opts)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + B", hyprwinview({
-    action = "show",
-    start_in_filter_mode = true,
-    default_action = "bring",
-  }), overview_bind_opts)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + B", hyprwinview({
-    action = "show",
-    start_in_filter_mode = true,
-    default_action = "bring-replace",
-  }), overview_bind_opts)
 
-  bind(main_mod .. " + W", function()
-    focus_direction("up")
-  end)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + S", function()
-    focus_direction("down")
-  end)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + A", function()
-    focus_direction("left")
-  end)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + D", function()
-    focus_direction("right")
-  end)
-
-  bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + W", function()
-    swap_direction("up")
-  end)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + S", function()
-    swap_direction("down")
-  end)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + A", function()
-    swap_direction("left")
-  end)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + D", function()
-    swap_direction("right")
-  end)
-
-  bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + W", function()
-    move_window_to_monitor("u", false)
-  end)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + S", function()
-    move_window_to_monitor("d", false)
-  end)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + A", function()
-    move_window_to_monitor("l", false)
-  end)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + D", function()
-    move_window_to_monitor("r", false)
-  end)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + SHIFT + W", function()
-    move_window_to_empty_workspace_on_monitor("u")
-  end)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + SHIFT + S", function()
-    move_window_to_empty_workspace_on_monitor("d")
-  end)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + SHIFT + A", function()
-    move_window_to_empty_workspace_on_monitor("l")
-  end)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + SHIFT + D", function()
-    move_window_to_empty_workspace_on_monitor("r")
-  end)
-
-  hl.define_submap("swap-workspace", function()
-    for i = 1, 9 do
-      local workspace_id = i
-      bind(tostring(i), function()
-        swap_current_workspace_with(workspace_id)
-        dispatch(hl.dsp.submap("reset"))
-      end)
+  local function desc(description, opts)
+    local bind_opts = {}
+    for key, value in pairs(opts or {}) do
+      bind_opts[key] = value
     end
-
-    bind("Escape", hl.dsp.submap("reset"))
-    bind("catchall", hl.dsp.submap("reset"))
-  end)
-
-  hl.define_submap("window-picker", function()
-    for i = 1, 9 do
-      local index = i
-      bind(tostring(i), function()
-        activate_window_picker_candidate(index)
-      end)
-    end
-
-    bind("Escape", hl.dsp.submap("reset"))
-    bind("catchall", hl.dsp.submap("reset"))
-  end)
-
-  bind(mod_alt .. " + SHIFT + W", hl.dsp.window.resize({ x = 0, y = -50, relative = true }), { repeating = true })
-  bind(mod_alt .. " + SHIFT + S", hl.dsp.window.resize({ x = 0, y = 50, relative = true }), { repeating = true })
-  bind(mod_alt .. " + SHIFT + A", hl.dsp.window.resize({ x = -50, y = 0, relative = true }), { repeating = true })
-  bind(mod_alt .. " + SHIFT + D", hl.dsp.window.resize({ x = 50, y = 0, relative = true }), { repeating = true })
-
-  bind(hyper .. " + W", hl.dsp.focus({ monitor = "u" }))
-  bind(hyper .. " + S", hl.dsp.focus({ monitor = "d" }))
-  bind(hyper .. " + A", hl.dsp.focus({ monitor = "l" }))
-  bind(hyper .. " + D", hl.dsp.focus({ monitor = "r" }))
-  bind(hyper .. " + SHIFT + W", function()
-    move_window_to_monitor("u", true)
-  end)
-  bind(hyper .. " + SHIFT + S", function()
-    move_window_to_monitor("d", true)
-  end)
-  bind(hyper .. " + SHIFT + A", function()
-    move_window_to_monitor("l", true)
-  end)
-  bind(hyper .. " + SHIFT + D", function()
-    move_window_to_monitor("r", true)
-  end)
-
-  bind(main_mod .. " + Space", cycle_layout_or_restore_tabbed_group)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + Space", force_columns_layout)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + Space", gather_workspace_into_tabbed_group)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + bracketright", monocle_next)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + bracketleft", monocle_prev)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + T", hl.dsp.window.float({ action = "disable" }))
-  bind(main_mod .. " + O", toggle_pinned_active_window)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + M", minimize_active_window)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + M", restore_last_minimized)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + SHIFT + M", function()
-    enter_window_picker("minimized")
-  end)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + equal", schedule_nstack_count_update)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + M", hl.dsp.window.toggle_swallow())
-  bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + E", function()
-    move_to_next_empty_workspace(true)
-  end)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + E", function()
-    move_to_next_empty_workspace(false)
-  end)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + apostrophe", focus_next_class)
-  bind(mod_alt .. " + W", show_active_window_info)
-
-  bind(main_mod .. " + X", exec("rofi_command.sh"))
-  bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + X", hl.dsp.workspace.toggle_special("NSP"))
-  bind(mod_alt .. " + C", function()
-    toggle_scratchpad("codex")
-  end)
-  bind(mod_alt .. " + E", function()
-    toggle_scratchpad("element")
-  end)
-  bind(mod_alt .. " + H", function()
-    toggle_scratchpad("htop")
-  end)
-  bind(mod_alt .. " + K", function()
-    toggle_scratchpad("slack")
-  end)
-  bind(mod_alt .. " + M", function()
-    toggle_scratchpad("messages")
-  end)
-  bind(mod_alt .. " + S", function()
-    toggle_scratchpad("spotify")
-  end)
-  bind(mod_alt .. " + T", function()
-    toggle_scratchpad("transmission")
-  end)
-  bind(mod_alt .. " + V", function()
-    toggle_scratchpad("volume")
-  end)
-  bind(mod_alt .. " + grave", function()
-    toggle_scratchpad("dropdown")
-  end)
-  bind(mod_alt .. " + Space", minimize_other_classes)
-  bind(mod_alt .. " + SHIFT + Space", restore_focused_class)
-  bind(mod_alt .. " + Return", restore_all_minimized)
-
-  for i = 1, 9 do
-    local workspace = tostring(i)
-    bind(main_mod .. " + " .. workspace, hl.dsp.focus({ workspace = workspace, on_current_monitor = true }))
-    bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + " .. workspace, hl.dsp.window.move({ workspace = workspace, follow = false }))
-    bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + " .. workspace, function()
-      dispatch(hl.dsp.window.move({ workspace = workspace, follow = false }))
-      dispatch(hl.dsp.focus({ workspace = workspace, on_current_monitor = true }))
-    end)
+    bind_opts.description = description
+    return bind_opts
   end
 
-  bind(main_mod .. " + backslash", workspacehistory("cycle", 1))
-  bind(main_mod .. " + slash", workspacehistory("cycle", -1))
-  bind(main_mod .. " + Escape", workspacehistory("cancel"))
-  bind(main_mod .. " + Z", hl.dsp.focus({ monitor = "+1" }))
-  bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + Z", hl.dsp.window.move({ monitor = "+1" }))
-  bind(main_mod .. " + mouse_down", function()
-    cycle_workspace(1)
-  end)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + mouse_up", function()
-    cycle_workspace(-1)
-  end)
-  bind(hyper .. " + E", focus_next_empty_workspace)
-  bind(hyper .. " + 5", enter_workspace_swap_mode)
-  bind(hyper .. " + G", gather_focused_class)
+  local function setup_external_command_bindings()
+    bind(main_mod .. " + P", exec(launcher_command), desc("Open application launcher"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + P", exec(run_menu), desc("Open command runner"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + SHIFT + N", exec(shell_ui_command .. " control-center"), desc("Open control center"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + CTRL + N", exec(shell_ui_command .. " settings"), desc("Open system settings"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + Return", exec(terminal), desc("Open terminal"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + Q", exec("hyprctl reload"), desc("Reload Hyprland"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + R", exec("hyprctl reload"), desc("Reload Hyprland"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + E", exec("emacsclient --eval '(emacs-everywhere)'"), desc("Open Emacs Everywhere"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + V", exec("wl-paste | xdotool type --file -"), desc("Type clipboard contents"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + X", exec("rofi_command.sh"), desc("Open command menu"))
 
-  bind(main_mod .. " + I", exec("set_volume --unmute --change-volume +5"), { repeating = true })
-  bind(main_mod .. " + K", exec("set_volume --unmute --change-volume -5"), { repeating = true })
-  bind(main_mod .. " + U", exec("set_volume --toggle-mute"))
-  bind(main_mod .. " + semicolon", exec("playerctl play-pause"))
-  bind(main_mod .. " + L", exec("playerctl next"))
-  bind(main_mod .. " + J", exec("playerctl previous"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + I", exec("set_volume --unmute --change-volume +5"), desc("Raise volume", { repeating = true }))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + K", exec("set_volume --unmute --change-volume -5"), desc("Lower volume", { repeating = true }))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + U", exec("set_volume --toggle-mute"), desc("Toggle mute"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + semicolon", exec("playerctl play-pause"), desc("Play or pause media"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + L", exec("playerctl next"), desc("Skip to next media track"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + J", exec("playerctl previous"), desc("Skip to previous media track"))
 
-  bind("XF86AudioPlay", exec("playerctl play-pause"))
-  bind("XF86AudioPause", exec("playerctl play-pause"))
-  bind("XF86AudioNext", exec("playerctl next"))
-  bind("XF86AudioPrev", exec("playerctl previous"))
-  bind("XF86AudioRaiseVolume", exec("set_volume --unmute --change-volume +5"), { repeating = true })
-  bind("XF86AudioLowerVolume", exec("set_volume --unmute --change-volume -5"), { repeating = true })
-  bind("XF86AudioMute", exec("set_volume --toggle-mute"))
-  bind("XF86MonBrightnessUp", exec("brightness.sh up"), { repeating = true })
-  bind("XF86MonBrightnessDown", exec("brightness.sh down"), { repeating = true })
+    bind("XF86AudioPlay", exec("playerctl play-pause"), desc("Play or pause media"))
+    bind("XF86AudioPause", exec("playerctl play-pause"), desc("Play or pause media"))
+    bind("XF86AudioNext", exec("playerctl next"), desc("Skip to next media track"))
+    bind("XF86AudioPrev", exec("playerctl previous"), desc("Skip to previous media track"))
+    bind("XF86AudioRaiseVolume", exec("set_volume --unmute --change-volume +5"), desc("Raise volume", { repeating = true }))
+    bind("XF86AudioLowerVolume", exec("set_volume --unmute --change-volume -5"), desc("Lower volume", { repeating = true }))
+    bind("XF86AudioMute", exec("set_volume --toggle-mute"), desc("Toggle mute"))
+    bind("XF86MonBrightnessUp", exec("brightness.sh up"), desc("Raise display brightness", { repeating = true }))
+    bind("XF86MonBrightnessDown", exec("brightness.sh down"), desc("Lower display brightness", { repeating = true }))
 
-  bind(hyper .. " + V", exec([[cliphist list | rofi -dmenu -p "Clipboard" | cliphist decode | wl-copy]]))
-  bind(hyper .. " + P", exec("rofi-pass"))
-  bind("Print", exec("flameshot gui"))
-  bind(hyper .. " + H", exec("flameshot gui"))
-  bind(hyper .. " + C", exec("rofi_tmcodex.sh"))
-  bind(hyper .. " + SHIFT + C", exec("rofi_tmcodex.sh resume"))
-  bind(hyper .. " + SHIFT + L", exec("hyprlock"))
-  bind(hyper .. " + L", exec("hypr_rofi_layout"))
-  bind(hyper .. " + K", exec("rofi_kill_process.sh"))
-  bind(hyper .. " + SHIFT + K", exec("rofi_kill_all.sh"))
-  bind(hyper .. " + R", exec("rofi-systemd"))
-  bind(hyper .. " + slash", function()
-    hl.exec_cmd("toggle_taffybar")
-    refresh_monitor_reserved_cache(0.25)
-    refresh_active_scratchpad_geometries_later(600)
-  end)
-  bind(hyper .. " + I", exec("rofi_select_input.hs"))
-  bind(hyper .. " + backslash", exec("/home/imalison/dotfiles/dotfiles/lib/functions/mpg341cx_input toggle"))
-  bind(hyper .. " + SHIFT + backslash", workspacehistory("debug"))
-  bind(hyper .. " + O", exec("/home/imalison/dotfiles/dotfiles/lib/functions/rofi_paswitch"))
-  bind(hyper .. " + SHIFT + O", exec("/home/imalison/dotfiles/dotfiles/lib/bin/kef-optical"))
-  bind(hyper .. " + comma", exec("rofi_wallpaper.sh"))
-  bind(hyper .. " + SHIFT + comma", exec("/home/imalison/dotfiles/dotfiles/lib/bin/neowall-wallpaper toggle"))
-  bind(hyper .. " + Y", exec("rofi_agentic_skill"))
-  bind(main_mod .. " + R", exec("hyprctl reload"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + V", exec([[cliphist list | rofi -dmenu -p "Clipboard" | cliphist decode | wl-copy]]), desc("Open clipboard history"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + P", exec("rofi-pass"), desc("Open password menu"))
+    bind("Print", exec("flameshot gui"), desc("Take screenshot"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + H", exec("flameshot gui"), desc("Take screenshot"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + C", exec("rofi_tmcodex.sh"), desc("Open Codex session menu"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + SHIFT + C", exec("rofi_tmcodex.sh resume"), desc("Resume Codex session"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + SHIFT + L", exec("hyprlock"), desc("Lock screen"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + L", exec("hypr_rofi_layout"), desc("Open Hyprland layout menu"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + K", exec("rofi_kill_process.sh"), desc("Open process kill menu"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + SHIFT + K", exec("rofi_kill_all.sh"), desc("Open kill-all menu"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + R", exec("rofi-systemd"), desc("Open systemd unit menu"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + slash", function()
+      hl.exec_cmd("toggle_taffybar")
+      refresh_monitor_reserved_cache(0.25)
+      refresh_active_scratchpad_geometries_later(600)
+    end, desc("Toggle taffybar"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + I", exec("rofi_select_input.hs"), desc("Open input selection menu"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + backslash", exec("/home/imalison/dotfiles/dotfiles/lib/functions/mpg341cx_input toggle"), desc("Toggle monitor input"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + O", exec("/home/imalison/dotfiles/dotfiles/lib/functions/rofi_paswitch"), desc("Open PulseAudio output switcher"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + SHIFT + O", exec("/home/imalison/dotfiles/dotfiles/lib/bin/kef-optical"), desc("Switch KEF speakers to optical input"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + comma", exec("rofi_wallpaper.sh"), desc("Open wallpaper menu"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + SHIFT + comma", exec("/home/imalison/dotfiles/dotfiles/lib/bin/neowall-wallpaper toggle"), desc("Toggle neowall wallpaper"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + Y", exec("rofi_agentic_skill"), desc("Open agentic skill menu"))
+  end
 
-  bind(main_mod .. " + mouse:272", float_and_drag_active_window)
-  bind(main_mod .. " + mouse:273", float_and_resize_active_window)
+  local function setup_internal_window_manager_bindings()
+    bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + C", hl.dsp.window.close(), desc("Close active window"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + Q", hl.dsp.exit(), desc("Exit Hyprland"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + Tab", hyprwinview({
+      action = "show",
+      start_in_filter_mode = true,
+      default_action = "select",
+    }), desc("Show window overview", overview_bind_opts))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + Tab", hyprwinview({
+      action = "show",
+      include_current_workspace = false,
+      start_in_filter_mode = true,
+      default_action = "bring",
+    }), desc("Show all-workspace window overview", overview_bind_opts))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + slash", hyprwinview({ action = "toggle-filter" }), desc("Toggle window overview filter", overview_bind_opts))
+    bind("ALT + Tab", enable_hyprspace and hyprspace("toggle") or hyprwinview({
+      action = "show",
+      start_in_filter_mode = true,
+      default_action = "select",
+    }), desc("Toggle alternate window overview", overview_bind_opts))
+    bind("ALT + SHIFT + Tab", hyprexpo("open"), desc("Open workspace expo", overview_bind_opts))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + G", hyprwinview({
+      action = "show",
+      start_in_filter_mode = true,
+      default_action = "select",
+    }), desc("Show window overview", overview_bind_opts))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + B", hyprwinview({
+      action = "show",
+      start_in_filter_mode = true,
+      default_action = "bring",
+    }), desc("Bring window from overview", overview_bind_opts))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + B", hyprwinview({
+      action = "show",
+      start_in_filter_mode = true,
+      default_action = "bring-replace",
+    }), desc("Replace active window from overview", overview_bind_opts))
+
+    bind(main_mod .. " + W", function()
+      focus_direction("up")
+    end, desc("Focus window above"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + S", function()
+      focus_direction("down")
+    end, desc("Focus window below"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + A", function()
+      focus_direction("left")
+    end, desc("Focus window to the left"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + D", function()
+      focus_direction("right")
+    end, desc("Focus window to the right"))
+
+    bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + W", function()
+      swap_direction("up")
+    end, desc("Swap active window upward"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + S", function()
+      swap_direction("down")
+    end, desc("Swap active window downward"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + A", function()
+      swap_direction("left")
+    end, desc("Swap active window left"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + D", function()
+      swap_direction("right")
+    end, desc("Swap active window right"))
+
+    bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + W", function()
+      move_window_to_monitor("u", false)
+    end, desc("Move window to monitor above"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + S", function()
+      move_window_to_monitor("d", false)
+    end, desc("Move window to monitor below"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + A", function()
+      move_window_to_monitor("l", false)
+    end, desc("Move window to monitor on the left"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + D", function()
+      move_window_to_monitor("r", false)
+    end, desc("Move window to monitor on the right"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + SHIFT + W", function()
+      move_window_to_empty_workspace_on_monitor("u")
+    end, desc("Move window to empty workspace on monitor above"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + SHIFT + S", function()
+      move_window_to_empty_workspace_on_monitor("d")
+    end, desc("Move window to empty workspace on monitor below"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + SHIFT + A", function()
+      move_window_to_empty_workspace_on_monitor("l")
+    end, desc("Move window to empty workspace on left monitor"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + SHIFT + D", function()
+      move_window_to_empty_workspace_on_monitor("r")
+    end, desc("Move window to empty workspace on right monitor"))
+
+    hl.define_submap("swap-workspace", function()
+      for i = 1, 9 do
+        local workspace_id = i
+        bind(tostring(i), function()
+          swap_current_workspace_with(workspace_id)
+          dispatch(hl.dsp.submap("reset"))
+        end, desc("Swap current workspace with workspace " .. workspace_id))
+      end
+
+      bind("Escape", hl.dsp.submap("reset"), desc("Exit workspace swap mode"))
+      bind("catchall", hl.dsp.submap("reset"), desc("Exit workspace swap mode"))
+    end)
+
+    hl.define_submap("window-picker", function()
+      for i = 1, 9 do
+        local index = i
+        bind(tostring(i), function()
+          activate_window_picker_candidate(index)
+        end, desc("Activate window picker candidate " .. index))
+      end
+
+      bind("Escape", hl.dsp.submap("reset"), desc("Exit window picker"))
+      bind("catchall", hl.dsp.submap("reset"), desc("Exit window picker"))
+    end)
+
+    bind(mod_alt .. " + SHIFT + W", hl.dsp.window.resize({ x = 0, y = -50, relative = true }), desc("Shrink window height upward", { repeating = true }))
+    bind(mod_alt .. " + SHIFT + S", hl.dsp.window.resize({ x = 0, y = 50, relative = true }), desc("Grow window height downward", { repeating = true }))
+    bind(mod_alt .. " + SHIFT + A", hl.dsp.window.resize({ x = -50, y = 0, relative = true }), desc("Shrink window width leftward", { repeating = true }))
+    bind(mod_alt .. " + SHIFT + D", hl.dsp.window.resize({ x = 50, y = 0, relative = true }), desc("Grow window width rightward", { repeating = true }))
+
+    bind(hyper .. " + W", hl.dsp.focus({ monitor = "u" }), desc("Focus monitor above"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + S", hl.dsp.focus({ monitor = "d" }), desc("Focus monitor below"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + A", hl.dsp.focus({ monitor = "l" }), desc("Focus monitor on the left"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + D", hl.dsp.focus({ monitor = "r" }), desc("Focus monitor on the right"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + SHIFT + W", function()
+      move_window_to_monitor("u", true)
+    end, desc("Move window to monitor above and follow"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + SHIFT + S", function()
+      move_window_to_monitor("d", true)
+    end, desc("Move window to monitor below and follow"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + SHIFT + A", function()
+      move_window_to_monitor("l", true)
+    end, desc("Move window to left monitor and follow"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + SHIFT + D", function()
+      move_window_to_monitor("r", true)
+    end, desc("Move window to right monitor and follow"))
+
+    bind(main_mod .. " + Space", cycle_layout_or_restore_tabbed_group, desc("Cycle workspace layout"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + Space", force_columns_layout, desc("Force columns layout"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + Space", gather_workspace_into_tabbed_group, desc("Gather workspace into tabbed group"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + bracketright", monocle_next, desc("Focus next monocle window"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + bracketleft", monocle_prev, desc("Focus previous monocle window"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + T", hl.dsp.window.float({ action = "disable" }), desc("Tile active window"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + O", toggle_pinned_active_window, desc("Toggle pinned active window"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + M", minimize_active_window, desc("Minimize active window"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + M", restore_last_minimized, desc("Restore last minimized window"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + SHIFT + M", function()
+      enter_window_picker("minimized")
+    end, desc("Pick minimized window to restore"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + equal", schedule_nstack_count_update, desc("Update nstack window count"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + M", hl.dsp.window.toggle_swallow(), desc("Toggle window swallowing"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + E", function()
+      move_to_next_empty_workspace(true)
+    end, desc("Move to next empty workspace"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + E", function()
+      move_to_next_empty_workspace(false)
+    end, desc("Move window to next empty workspace"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + apostrophe", focus_next_class, desc("Focus next window class"))
+    bind(mod_alt .. " + W", show_active_window_info, desc("Show active window info"))
+
+    bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + X", hl.dsp.workspace.toggle_special("NSP"), desc("Toggle NSP special workspace"))
+    bind(mod_alt .. " + C", function()
+      toggle_scratchpad("codex")
+    end, desc("Toggle Codex scratchpad"))
+    bind(mod_alt .. " + E", function()
+      toggle_scratchpad("element")
+    end, desc("Toggle Element scratchpad"))
+    bind(mod_alt .. " + H", function()
+      toggle_scratchpad("htop")
+    end, desc("Toggle htop scratchpad"))
+    bind(mod_alt .. " + K", function()
+      toggle_scratchpad("slack")
+    end, desc("Toggle Slack scratchpad"))
+    bind(mod_alt .. " + M", function()
+      toggle_scratchpad("messages")
+    end, desc("Toggle Messages scratchpad"))
+    bind(mod_alt .. " + S", function()
+      toggle_scratchpad("spotify")
+    end, desc("Toggle Spotify scratchpad"))
+    bind(mod_alt .. " + T", function()
+      toggle_scratchpad("transmission")
+    end, desc("Toggle Transmission scratchpad"))
+    bind(mod_alt .. " + V", function()
+      toggle_scratchpad("volume")
+    end, desc("Toggle volume scratchpad"))
+    bind(mod_alt .. " + grave", function()
+      toggle_scratchpad("dropdown")
+    end, desc("Toggle dropdown scratchpad"))
+    bind(mod_alt .. " + Space", minimize_other_classes, desc("Minimize other window classes"))
+    bind(mod_alt .. " + SHIFT + Space", restore_focused_class, desc("Restore focused window class"))
+    bind(mod_alt .. " + Return", restore_all_minimized, desc("Restore all minimized windows"))
+
+    for i = 1, 9 do
+      local workspace = tostring(i)
+      bind(main_mod .. " + " .. workspace, hl.dsp.focus({ workspace = workspace, on_current_monitor = true }), desc("Focus workspace " .. workspace))
+      bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + " .. workspace, hl.dsp.window.move({ workspace = workspace, follow = false }), desc("Move window to workspace " .. workspace))
+      bind(main_mod .. " + CTRL + " .. workspace, function()
+        dispatch(hl.dsp.window.move({ workspace = workspace, follow = false }))
+        dispatch(hl.dsp.focus({ workspace = workspace, on_current_monitor = true }))
+      end, desc("Move window to workspace " .. workspace .. " and follow"))
+    end
+
+    bind(main_mod .. " + backslash", workspacehistory("cycle", 1), desc("Cycle to next workspace in history"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + slash", workspacehistory("cycle", -1), desc("Cycle to previous workspace in history"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + Escape", workspacehistory("cancel"), desc("Cancel workspace history cycle"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + Z", hl.dsp.focus({ monitor = "+1" }), desc("Focus next monitor"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + SHIFT + Z", hl.dsp.window.move({ monitor = "+1" }), desc("Move window to next monitor"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + mouse_down", function()
+      cycle_workspace(1)
+    end, desc("Cycle to next workspace"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + mouse_up", function()
+      cycle_workspace(-1)
+    end, desc("Cycle to previous workspace"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + E", focus_next_empty_workspace, desc("Focus next empty workspace"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + 5", enter_workspace_swap_mode, desc("Enter workspace swap mode"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + G", gather_focused_class, desc("Gather focused window class"))
+    bind(hyper .. " + SHIFT + backslash", workspacehistory("debug"), desc("Show workspace history debug info"))
+
+    bind(main_mod .. " + mouse:272", float_and_drag_active_window, desc("Float and drag active window"))
+    bind(main_mod .. " + mouse:273", float_and_resize_active_window, desc("Float and resize active window"))
+  end
+
+  setup_external_command_bindings()
+  setup_internal_window_manager_bindings()
 end
 
 return M